372 Bibliography. 
natural supply of bicarburetted hydrogen gas used in illuminating the 
town; and from Buffalo he again visited Niagara, (June 5th, 1842,) 
and spent another industrious week in exploring its geology and ancient 
history, visiting for this purpose, Grand Island, Lewiston, St. Davids, 
and Queenston. (Some interesting results of this examination we 
must reserve to another occasion.) At Buffalo, Mr. Hayes showed 
him the diluvial furrows which the cherty limestone of that region has 
so well preserved. Leaving the United States he now visited Canada, 
touching at Toronto, Kingston, Montreal, Quebec, Three Rivers, and 
the Falls of Montmorency, at each of which places he made excursions 
and observations, accompanied by some resident gentlemen acquainted 
with the localities. He returned to the United States by La Prarie and 
Lake Champlain, and landed at Burlington in Vermont, where Prof. 
Benedict accompanied him to the falls of the Winooski, the boulder 
formation with shells at Port Kent, and the deep cleft formed by the 
Ausable River in the sandstone at Keesville, (Potsdam sandstone.) 
Crossing Vermont over the Green Mountains, he paid a visit to Prof. 
Hubbard at Dartmouth College in Hanover, N. H., and then returned 
to Boston by Concord, where he set sail on the 16th of July for Hal- 
ifax, in the Caledonia steamship. He spent a month in investigating 
the interesting geological features of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, 
and some of the results of his explorations have already been published 
by us (Vol. xiv, p. 353-356) in reference to the interesting erect 
fossil trees in the coal seams at South Joggins, (Cumberland,) the coal 
formations, gypsum, and marine limestones of Nova Scotia. He gives 
in his present volume, lists of fossil plants found in the coal measures 
of Nova Scotia, as well as the fossils of the lower carboniferous or 
gypsiferous formations of the same district. 
It is plain from the foregoing itinerary, that Mr. Lyell made the best 
possible use of his time and opportunities while in this country ; and it 
is equally plain, that on nearly every occasion he availed himself of the 
aid of the best and most experienced American geologists in exploring 
the places visited by him. It is only in this way that any man, however 
eminent and skillful he may be, can hope to arrive at correct geological 
conclusions respecting regions which must be new to him—presenting at 
every step an endless succession of novel objects, and which have requir- 
ed, it may be, years of patient and laborious investigation on the part of 
his geological guides, before conclusions are obtained and enigmas of 
complicated structure solved, which they can convey to a well informed 
geologist in a few hours, or at most a few days, in the rapid progress of 
a traveller’s jaunt. Mr. Lyell could not in this respect have selected a 
more fortunate time to have informed himself about the geology of North 
America. Most of the state geological surveys were just closed, or 
