JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 17 
of the Roman empire, the doctor pointed out that the Anglo-Saxons 
had an advantage over the Romans of fifteen centuries of nation build- 
ing, and greater progress in the art of constitutional government and 
int the extension of the rights of citizenship. 
Discussing the Christian phase of citizenship, the doctor thought 
this one of the strongest bulwarks of Anglo-Saxon national life. 
Ancient Empires had their national aspirations, based on a cold and 
lifeless philosophy, directed to a mode of life conducive to the wel- 
fare of the individual, whereas the philosophy of Christ taught the 
relation of the individual to the community. Civilization was not a 
matter of mechanical acquirement, but requires many generations to 
effect a permanent modification of character. Evidence of this was 
seen in abortive attempts to engraft a roth century civilization on 
heathen races. This was the reason there was a race problem in 
America. The colored race could only be civilized by a long pro- 
cess of evolution. 
In the church worship of to-day, the sentimental and emotional 
sides of human nature were appealed to rather than the spiritual and 
intellectual, and yet at no time was there ever a broader spirit of 
humanity abroad than at present. There could be no doubt but 
that Christian teaching, imperfect though it might be, was the foun- 
dation on which the whole future of modern civilization rests. 
The literature of a race was a fair criterion of the nation’s intel- 
lectual vigor, and the Anglo-Saxon race had exceeded all others in 
the wealth of its literature. The advance in literature, art and 
science had worked such changes in the world as to overcome the 
masses, and the harvest of incapables was necessarily large. ‘“‘We 
try,” said the doctor, ‘‘to explain the large increases in our insanity 
returns by our larger humanity and the ampler provision made for 
their care, but the mighty upheaval in our social and industrial con- 
ditions must be credited with a large and ever-increasing proportion 
of it.” 
From the Elizabethan period downward, the pages of English 
literature had been adorned with the names of men who had made 
a profound impression on the age in which they lived in moulding 
the character and habits of the people. John Ruskin’s death re- 
moved the last of these, and they left no successors, nor does there 
