g2 THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
floods which must have followed the disappearance of the 
Glaciers. ‘To the writer it indicates an absolute admission of 
the existence of pre glacial man in Europe, and this unquestion- 
ably would not be in accord with Sir William’s opinion, that 
man there made an appearance at the close of the Glacial Age. 
As regards the organic remains found in caves beneath 
Stalagmite deposits, he alleges the deposition of the material 
varies, a slow deposit now may be represented by a more rapid 
rate formerly ; and Dawkins ascertained a quarter of an inch 
per annum was the average in some of the caves in England 
and this, if such were the case, would prove far more recent 
occupation than was supposed’ heretofore, and for which a 
fabulous antiquity was claimed. On the other hand, Sir 
John Evans in his Toronto address points out that it is uncer- 
tain, whether any of the river-drift specimens belong to so late 
a date as the cavern remains at Creswell-Crags, Derbyshire ; 
but the greatly superior antiquity of even these to any 
Neolithic relics is testified by the thick layer of stalagmite 
which had been deposited 1n Kent’s Cavern before its occupation 
by men of the Neolithic and Bronze periods. He adds as 
regards the implements of Paleeolithic time stone weapons and 
of that long troglodytic phase of man’s history, not a single 
example with the edge sharpened by grinding has as yet been 
found. Separated from these earlier remains by a stalagmite 
layer in the caves mentioned above you will find flint hatchets 
polished at the edge and on surface, cutting at the broad not 
narrow edge. 
The advanced school of Geologists fails to recognize its 
obligation to the eminent Canadian in opposing Archbishop 
Whately’s views : when asserting that all imperfectly civilized 
barbarous and savage races are but fallen descendants of races 
now civilized, this opinion was almost universally entertained 
formerly, and certainly has not died out in Canada yet. Here 
the entertaining parties are chiefly represented by a few old 
people, a class unwilling to give up early impressions however 
erroneous, or by churchmen so wedded to ancient tradition and 
blinded by religious prejudice as to imagine churches may yet 
