108 THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
was heaped upon them by men of classical taste has been for- 
gotten and they have become models for the architects of to-day. 
Church architecture in France in the Middle Ages is 
represented by two great types, the Romanesque and the 
Gothic. Notre-Dame de Poitiers, of the end of the eleventh 
century, is a sample of the Romanesque style. It is an oblong 
building of a type developed from the Roman basilica. Its nave 
and transept form a cross, its arches are round, its walls are rela- 
tively to the Gothic, low, and the flying-buttresses are absent. 
From the Romanesque style was developed the Gothic. The 
same cruciform ground-plan is at the basis of both, but the 
Gothic takes an enormous flight upward. The nave becomes 
high, to support which the flying-buttresses, so characteristic of 
the Gothic style, are developed. The facade undergoes changes, 
the great towers become a striking feature. Beautiful details 
like the rose-window and the delicate arcades are invented. 
The pointed arch gives also opportunities for richer sculptural 
displays. In the Gothic church medizeval architecture reached 
its climax. ‘The great cathedrals of Paris, Reims, Amiens, 
etc. have never been surpassed by other buildings in point of 
beauty. The thirteenth century is the period of highest 
excellence, but the style was continued for a century or two 
later. 
In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the new move- 
ments to which the name of the Renaissance is given led men 
to consider more closely the art of Grecian and Roman anti- 
quity. ‘The result in architecture was that they began to show 
contempt for Gothic style and to introduce features drawn from 
the styles of Greece and Rome. In the facade of Saint-Etienne 
du Mont, of the beginning of the sixteenth century, we see 
this mingling of the styles, as also in the apse and nave of 
Saint-Eustache of Paris. After the completion of St. Peter’s 
at Rome it became the fashion for a couple of centuries or 
more to build churches of a domical structure, like St. Peter’s. 
Such are the churches of the Sorbonne, the Invalides, the 
Pantheon of Paris and many others. The Grecian colonnade 
and pediment coupled with the Roman dome are the striking 
