90 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 



they work when on duty ; nor are their labors limited to eight 

 hours a daj'-, but usually extended from twelve to fifteen. The 

 daily round of the red men as we saw them was as follows, and in 

 some respects we might do worse than follow their example : They 

 turned out from their blankets at five o'clock in the morning as a 

 general rule, though there be a fair wind they were liable to start 

 at three o'clock or earlier. Fires were kindled and whilst tea was 

 being made morning devotional service was audibly conducted by 

 the guide. This beautiful feature of their daily routine was never 

 overlooked, and at the conclusion thereof, tea with a light lunch 

 was partaken of. A start was made about half-past five o'clock 

 and the oars were kept going until eight. Then in response to the 

 call of " tea bo)^," a stop of an hour was made, and a substantial 

 breakfast prepared. This included the making of bread, which 

 was never kept on haiid froiu day to day, as is usual with white 

 travellers. Their methods of making bread are very simple and are 

 as follows : — A sufficient quantity of flour is placed in a birch bark 

 or other dish and stirred up with cold water to form a stiff batter. 

 This is then spread out on a fiat stick or twined about a round one 

 and set up before the open fire to dry rather than bake, for it is 

 always eaten in a scarcely half-cooked condition. No wonder if 

 the poor Indian often suffers from stomach troubles, which he does, 

 and this suggests what a mission field we have in the north for our 

 schools of domestic science. 



After breakfast has been disposed of, there being no dishes to 

 wash, rowing or perchance sailing is resumed until noon, when a 

 second stop of one hour is made for dinner, and happy are the men 

 if a stray moose, cariboo or black bear has fallen a prey to their 

 guns, for then marrow bones are roasted and otherwise their cup of 

 happiness is filled to overflowing. 



Once more inwardly replenished, they merrily take up the la- 

 bors of the afternoon and continue until four o'clock, when if row- 

 ing, a brief stop is made for tea only. If sailing, no stop is made 

 until the completion of the day's journey about seven or eight 

 o'clock in the evening, when camp is made and the evening meal 

 partaken of. Following this devotional services are again con- 



