FOOTPRINTS OF VANISHED RACES IN CORNWALL, 295 



from any deposits of Stream-Tin. These must be relics of a 

 pastoral people, whose cattle ranged the summits of the hills, 

 whilst the circles stood on the wooded slopes and eminences. 

 The rectangular stone buildings at Smallacombe, near Trewartha 

 Marsh,^® are evidently of a later date. Wooden causeways 

 found in the bed of streams, and leading across them have been 

 ascribed to this period.^™ One was found at Pentuan,''^ and 

 another crossed the bed of the Looe river ; but their age is 

 uncertain. The "Giants Graves " in the Scilly Isles,^'^^ and the 

 lowest cists in the tumulus at Chapel Carn Brea, in St. Just, 

 described and explored by Mr. Borlase,"^ are also, probably, 

 Ivernian sepulchres. 



Druidism was the religion of many of the Ivernians, and 

 was borrowed from them, in later times, by some of the Gaelic 

 Celts. Of course, much that the classical authors wrote of the 

 Druids must be rejected ;^^'' but we need not deny the existence of 

 Druidism altogether. The characteristics of Druidism are 

 Turanian, and both Professor Rhys"^ and Mr. Elton, ^''^ consider 

 that it was the religion of the Ivernians, which was spread, 

 according to Professor Ehys,"^ over Western Europe from the 

 Baltic to Gibraltar. The Druids, with whom St. Columba 

 contended in the country of the Pictish King Brude,^™ also, were 

 clearly Ivernian, for this northern part of Scotland was, at that 

 time, an Ivernian region. The Druids were the mystical priests 

 of the Ivernians, and resembled the Shamans of the Siberians,"^ 



169. A long- account of the Smallacombe ruins is given by the Rev. S. Baring- 

 Gould in the Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornzvall, vol. xi., 1891-3, p. 57. 



Mr. W. C. Borlase, also, has several times described the Chysauster huts. Age 

 of the Saints, p. 52, which are of the same type. 



170. Prehistoric Europe, by Dr. J. A. Geikie, p. 424. 



171. Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, vol. iv., p. 37. 



172. The Scilly Isles, by Dr. Borlase, p. 17. 



173. The Age of the Saints, pp., v.-xxvii. 



174. As has been shovi^n by Mr. Worth in Transactions of the Devon Associatioii. 

 vol. xii., pp., 228-242. [1880]. 



175. Celtic Britain, pp. 68, 69. 



176. Origins of English History, p. 266. 



177. Celtic Britain, p. 72. 



178. Ireland and the Celtic Church, by Prof. G. F. Stokes, pp., 123-4. 



179. Krman's Travels in Siberia, vol. ii., pp. 45, 301, 306. Also the Russians on 

 the Amur, by E. G. Ravenstein, pp. 364, 384, 392. And, Tettt life in Siberia, by G. 

 Kennan, pp. 210-213. 



