300 FOOTPRINTS OF VANISHED RACES IN CORNWALL. 



Chapel Euny, these retreats were inhabited in the clays of the 

 Roman Conquest. This is, doubtless, true, for the Ivernians had 

 not been entirely subdued during the Roman occupation of 

 Britain, as the struggle of the Silures with Romans demon- 

 strates.'*'*^ The Chysauster huts are probably of a later date.^"^ 



The Roman conquest did not influence the main body of the 

 Ivernians, who dwelt in Northern Scotland^^ (Pict-land), 

 Western Ireland and Cornwall. The Romans had stations in 

 Cornwall, and visited our County, but did not subdue it, and 

 their camps and stations in Cornwall have been most admirably 

 described by the Rev. W. lago.-*'*' In A.D. 410 the Romans left 

 Britain, and the struggle between Celt and Ivernian continued. 

 Probably they, at times, united to face the Saxons, since at the 

 battle of Barbury Hill, in A.D. 556,-^" the Britons employed 

 archers, who were most likely Ivernians. Christianity entered 

 Cornwall in the 4th or 5th century after Christ, and must have 

 made converts both amongst Celts and Ivernians, and Mr. 

 Borlase has said that some of the persecutors of the Cornish 

 Saints may have been Ivei-nian 'chieftains. 



Notwithstanding their underground hiding-places, the 

 extermination of the Ivernians by the Celts proceeded. Many 

 also were enslaved, and these swarthy Ivernian slaves were 

 afterwards known in tradition, especially in Scotland, as 

 "Brownies," from their dark colour. ^^^ They were the house- 

 hold spirits, which were called by different names in different 

 countries. "^^ In Cornwall we have our traditions of the 

 Brownies, ^^* who have been vaguely classed among the " Little 



2o6. The word Silures has been immortalised by Sir Roderick Murchison in 

 his great work— 7%e Silurian System. 



2C7. There is a good photograph of the Chysauster huts in Social England, 

 p. 97 (Cassell& Co.) 



208. The Caledonians, who were defeated by Agricola, are thought to have all 

 been Gaelic Celts. 



209. Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, vol. x., i8go-i, pp. 185-262. 



210. Henry of Huntingdon, 11, 2?. 



211. Age of the Saints, p, 86, Mr. Borlase also refers to our Cornish Beehive 

 Huts, and declares that they are of early Christian date, from their resemblance to 

 those in Ireland, 



212. Detnonology and Witchcraft, pp, 182, 352, 353, 



213. In Germany they were called Kobbolds ; in Mauxland, Phynnodderees ; 

 in England, Robin Goodfellow ; in Yorkshire, Boggarts. 



2 '4. Popular Romances and Traditions of the West of England, by Robert 

 Hunt, vol, i,, p. 65 The Lubbar- Fiend was another name for this household spirit, 

 whose work is described by Milton in L' Allegro. 



