Rwers of Northern New Jersey. 91 
to an old age during the baseleveling of the Schooley peneplain, 
and is now a “revived” stream, in at least its second cycle of 
work. Most of the other streams of the Highlands and the 
country farther inland are also of this well adjusted, revived kind. 
The streams of the Kittatinny valley lowland show not only the 
first revival of the kind just described, but also a second revival, 
in consequence of the recent uplift that has introduced the third 
cycle of development ; this not being so clearly manifested in the 
Highlands, where the rocks are harder, and the valleys of the 
second cycle are narrower. 
Look now at the drainage of the crescentic Watchung moun- 
“tains; the curved edges of two great warped lava-flows of the 
Triassic belt. The noteworthy feature of this district is that the 
small streams in the southern part of the crescent rise on the back 
slope of the inner mountain and cut gaps in both mountains in 
order to reach the outer part of the Central Plain. If these 
streams were descended directly or by revival from ancestors 
antecedent to or consequent upon the monoclinal tilting of the 
Triassic formation, they could not possibly, in the long time and 
deep denudation that the region has endured, have down to the 
present time maintained courses so little adjusted to the structure 
of their basins. In so long a time as has elapsed since the tilting 
of the Triassic formation, the divides would have taken their places 
on the crest of the trap ridges and not behind the crest on the 
back slope. They cannot be subsequent streams, for such could 
not have pushed their sources headwards through a hard trap 
ridge. Subsequent streams are developed in accordance with 
structural details, not in violation of them. Their courses must 
have been taken not long ago, else they must surely have lost 
their heads back of the second mountain ; some piratical subsequent 
branch of a larger transverse stream, like the Passaic, would have 
beheaded them. 
The only method now known by which these several doubly 
transverse streams could have been established in the not too 
distant past, is by superimposition from the Cretaceous cover 
that was laid upon the old Schooley peneplain. It has already 
been ‘stated that when the Highlands and this region together 
had been nearly baseleveled, the coastal portion of the resulting 
peneplain was submerged and buried by an unconformable cover 
of waste derived from the non-submerged portion: hence when 
the whole area was lifted to something like its present height, a° 
