Lewers of Northern New Jersey. = 0B 
it seems more likely that some part of the height of these rem- 
nants is due to a relatively local elevation. As far as this is the 
case, it gives reason for regarding the Green as an antecedent 
river ; that is, antecedent to the local elevation of the Wyoming 
beds, but long posterior to the elevation of the Uinta range: but 
as the river now flows—according to Emmons’ theory—on beds 
lying unconformably below those on which its course was chosen, 
it is for this reason to be classed as superimposed. 
The Green river therefore certainly departs from the type of 
an antecedent stream; the departure is distinct in its repeated 
ponding, whereby its upper course was broadly and indetermin- 
ately shifted from its original location; and is at least possible if 
not probable in its defeat at the line of uplift and subsequent 
superimposition on a new line of overflow. The mountains 
wrenched the saw that afterwards cut them in two. 
A study of the Jura drainage, of which a fuller account may 
be given at some future time, has led to the provisional conclu- 
sion that many of its streams show a combination of consequent 
and antecedent characteristics. They appear to be consequent on 
the early stages of the deformation but antecedent to its later 
growth, and for this kind of a stream I have no satisfactory 
name to suggest at present. 
Heim has shown that the Reuss and the adjacent smaller trans- 
verse streams of northern Switzerland near Lucerne are in part 
persistent across a series of folds, and in part slightly shifted 
from one course to another and ponded in Lake Lucerne; but 
unless the other ranges of the Alps rise hereafter faster than they 
have heretofore, the geologist of the future will reasonably regard 
the more mature Reuss as an essentially successful antecedent 
river. 
The Sutlej and other rivers that escape from the inner valleys 
of the Himalaya by deep gaps in the outer ranges, are described 
- by Medlicott as antecedent to the elevation of the ranges through 
which they flow: their antecedent origin being argued from the 
delta-like structure of the upturned beds in the outer gorges, as 
if the rivers were now cutting down the deformed deltas of an 
earlier time; but the heavy gravel and sand deposits in their 
upper valleys indicates that they were nearly if not quite ponded 
for a time during the deformation. 
Rivers seem to have the habit of cutting down their upturned 
deltas. Bonney refers to several such examples among the rivers 
