Geographic Nomenclature. 281 
Letters. Pronunciation and Remarks. | Examples. 
p 
p (Asin English. 
q should never be employed; qu is 
given as kw Kwangtung. 
eal 
leo 
io pas in English. | 
WE HIE | rice eee ae aap oer Sen pea Age Te Sawakin. 
Px 
y is always a consonant, as in yard, Kikuyu. 
and therefore should never be used 
as a terminal, 7 or e being substi-| 
tuted. 
Thus, not Mikindany, but Mikindani. 
not Kwaly, but Kwale. 
Pane s\lebvaver hs) aap cee Se 8 ye Seu ROE Zulu. 
Accents should not generally be used, Tongatabu, Galapagos, Pal- 
but where there is a very decided) awan, Sarawak, 
emphatic syllable or stress, which 
affects the sound of the word, it 
should be marked by an acute 
accent. 
FRENCH SYSTEM. 
RuLES ADOPTED IN APRIL, 1886, BY THE SocrsTs DE GROGRAPHIE AT 
PARIS, FOR THE ORTHOGRAPHY OF NATIVE NAMES OF PLACES. 
The geographic names in countries in which the Roman char- 
acter is employed in writing (which includes the néo-Latin, 
Germanic, and Scandinavian languages) shall be written in the 
orthography of the country to which they belong. 
The following rules apply solely to geographic names in coun- 
tries without a written language, and to geographic names in 
countries where another than the Roman character is employed 
in writing. 
Names of places for which the orthography, through long 
usage, has become consecrated shall, however, be excepted from 
the rules. -Examples : La Mecque, Naples, Calcutta, 
The rules in detail are : 
1. The vowels a, e, 7, and o are pronounced as in French, 
Spanish, Italian, and German. The letter e shall never be mute. - 
2. The French sound of w shall be represented by w with a 
trema like the German w. 
3. The French sound oz shall be represented by w, as in Ital- 
ian, Spanish, and German. 
