WORKMEN IN THJi KRHMlvlN : MOSCOW 



I'hoto by Gilbert II. On 



Big and sturdy, they are swinging along with the easy and springing step characteristic of 



the powerful Russian race 



35 million as compared with our 24 mil- 

 lion ; it has 80 million sheep as compared 

 with our 50 million, and 51 million cattle 

 as compared with our 59 million. With 

 the government spending money with 

 lavish hand to bring into Russia the best 

 tlood that is to be found in the stock of 

 Europe and America, the result is show- 

 ing in its horses, its cattle, and its sheep. 



EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS 



Russia has the largest proportion of 

 illiterates of any civilized country, al- 

 though in recent years conditions have 

 l)een improving. The latest authorita- 

 tive information, that for 1908, shows 

 that out of every 1,000 of population 

 only 211 can read and write. How much 

 progress has been made, however, in the 

 work of introducing general education 



is revealed by the fact that the census 

 of the early nineties showed that only 50 

 out of every 1,000 were literates. 



Illiteracy is much more common 

 among the women than among the men. 

 In Russia as a whole there are 22 men 

 who can read and write for every 10 

 women who are able to do so. In Siberia 

 there are 38 literate males for every 10 

 literate females. 



Some idea of the interest of the peo- 

 ple at large in education is revealed by 

 a comparison of school populations in 

 Russia and the United States. With a 

 population of 100 million, the total en- 

 rolment in the public and private schools 

 of the United States in 1912 amounted 

 to 19,218,000. With a population of 172 

 million, the total enrollment in all the 



455 



