ETRURIA CAPTA. 163 



times also rendered by amona and amona-anre. Uta is the present 

 Basque aita. Babe only survives in the language of children. TJga, 

 though common in composition in modern Basque, has ceased to 

 designate a mother, but ainona and amandria remain. For child, 

 the common word is ura, the modern aurra ; for a little child, some 

 compound of chi-pi, which still means little. Daughter is more often 

 alhi or alhisa than neclii. These forms are now alaha and alapichi. 

 The commonest words for brother and sister are 7ioba, now nebia, 

 and arreba or arba, which is unchanged. The word bau or bahi, 

 which means a pledge, seems to denote husband or wife. Child is 

 sometimes rendered %ime or hume, the unaltered form. As read 

 formerly, uta would be TR ; babe, PU ; uga, IN" ; uganre, INSA ; 

 amona, THE ; amona anre, THESA ; ura, lA ; chipi, CU ; albi, 

 albisa, HU, HULj no6a, SP ; arreba, AV ; bahi, PI; and hume, 

 IM. They were brave men, if not over-wise, who led a forlorn hope 

 against such a formidable array of darkness. 



Etruscan inscriptions are, with few exceptions, written from right 

 to left. For convenience sake I invert the text where it is intro- 

 duced, and the direction of the individual characters. For lack of 

 Etruscan type, I am compelled to represent these characters by the 

 nearest equivalents which an ordinary English font supplies. A 

 reference to the descriptions under the heading " The Phonetic 

 Values of the Etruscan Characters," will enable the student to 

 identify these equivalents with the original forms in Lanzi's Saggio. 

 The following, in the order of the English alphabet, are the Etruscan 

 symbols with their varying phonetic powers. Aberrant forms are 

 grouped with the English letters they most resemble. 

 A = ra, re, ri, ro, ru ; ar, er, ir. Examples : AS rano, YA gure, LA 

 zari, A() roma, AD artu. When r is preceded by a long 

 vowel, or u {or, ur), it is generally rendered by I A. 

 B = ol, ul, hal, hel, hil, hoi, hul. The same character is the horiz- 

 ontally bisected parallelogram, now read as h. It is a com- 

 pound of I and the following character. Example : BE alne 

 ahalne, BD olatu. 

 8 = la, le, li, lo, lu, al, el, il. Examples : 8ED lanetu, SIS leheno, 

 8V albe. 



the Basque zorro, ventre, becomes sortu, sortzen. The Japanese shirol, white in the same way 

 forms sliiromu, to become white. The corresponding Basque zuri, churi, white, by adding iw, 

 tzeii forms churiUi, churitzen, become white, wliitens. Such instances might be multiplied in- 

 definitely. 



