172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



inscriptions, generally read as Norse, but which are more Basque 

 than the Etruscan, maragogo and orogogo are interchangeable terms.*^ 

 The second word, non, is unchanged. The compound expression 

 orogogo would be regarded as tautological in Modern Basque ; oroi 

 by itself denoting remembrance. Saraku is a proper name some- 

 thing like Sergius. I have already directed attention to uga as an 

 old word for mother. It occurs in the composition of many modern 

 Basque words, ugatz, breasts, mother's milk, vgazama, ugazaita, 

 ugazalaba, &c.*^ The pronoun au, hau, is now the demonstrative 

 this, but seems to have been originally personal and possessive. The 



have I'.onstituted a large proportion of its population. This is an Etruscan inscription in Latin 

 characters, and reads : 



saratukukaura • noratuukara ohiraukarau agiusaura 

 zarratu egoki harri Noratuika ra Zerua sortze egihatz aur 

 engraved suitable stone Noratuika to Zerua nata scratches child 

 I have read the final 1 of CAINAl as L, perhaps without warrant. Noratuukara maybe 

 Noratu uga ra, to mother Noratu. 

 Fabretti 857. LARTHIA • OTANIS 



saratukuka ura makurakauno 

 zarratu egoki harri Makurakau no 

 engraved suitable stone Makurakau of 

 Or it may be that the name is simply Maku, and rako ono signifies "well esteem." In any 

 case LARTHIA, written in this latter inscription with antique A forms, common in Celt Iberian, 

 is a perfectly Etruscan or Basque formula. Latin sepulcliral inscriptions should contain some 

 formula, if only the letters D M. Such a formula is almost invariably found in the Etruscan 

 inscriptions as I have read them. 



*i For specimens of Pictish inscriptions, see the 1st volume of Manx Antiquities, published 

 by the Manx Society, facing pages 12 and 23. I take that opposite p. 12, as being the most 

 perfect. It reads from right to left : ' 



ma u sa ne u pi kume ra ma-ku u sa go ra'ba go sa-ag ne sa tu'ma ra ka ku'u ba ma u sa ka'pi 

 u ba u ku ka ra tu 



mai zuen obelco ne erama koi Sagora bagosa aginza da marag'ogo obi mai so ka Piubauku zarratu 

 The tablet which you regard brings (to) me the beloved Sagora, the departed. Offered is a 

 memorial the grave tablet by the sight (of) Piuba uJcu writes. 



It is possible that the word I have read in some Pictish inscriistions as orogogo may be mao-a- 

 gogo, for the character ma, a short line terminating in a ball, or a larger line traversing the 

 ball perpendicularly, is very liable to injurj', and may have been incorrectly represented in 

 copies of the inscriptions as I . These inscriptions have been read as Norse, although it is 

 allowed that the elegantly carved crosses upon which they appear are without parallel as 

 Norse works of art. The Isle of Man was a seat of education in verj- ancient Celtic days, ver.y 

 long before Norsemen were heard of, and the civilization to which that education belonged 

 must have been Iberian or Pictish. See Ct. Buchanan, Rerum Scoticarum Historia, Lib. IV., 

 Cap. XVIII. The Irish annalists represent the Isle of Man as a region of magic and mystery, 

 the usual tribute paid to science in dark ages. They also connect its population with the 

 aboriginal, pre-Celtic, population of the British Isles. 



*2 Uga, mother. My attention has been called to the fact that the compounds seem to con- 

 vey the idea of step-relation rather than of maternity. Such an idea cannot be contained in 

 ugatz, breasts, mother's milk. The Etruscans, like the Lycians and the American Khitan, 

 reckoned descent in the female line. So must the ancient Basques have done. Hence the 



