ETRURIA CAPTA. 211 



wrongly read Tuder, whicli was an Umbrian city and Celtic, as its 

 very name denotes, even to the student of English history. 



317. LADCE • LADNI • CALEILADOI • MVDYVEONEI 



zaratuchine zaratukau cliiras aneu zaratumai nopitukupinemakaneu 

 zarratu zein zarratukio Chirasaneu zarratu mai Nepete jabe ne ema ganio 

 writing which write he does Chirasanio written table Nepete of lord 

 to give pertains.^"* 



This does not look like an epitaph, but rather a communication of 

 some kind, in zein we have the intei-rogative, but as zena it is rela- 

 tive. The Basques even now like to be known not by their family 

 name but by that of their house or land, be it a hovel or a garden 

 patch. The lord of Nepete, however, was the chief man of no mean 

 city. 



The next is instructive as presenting Kupiku with the dative 

 sign, and ganio instead of sortze, showing that ganio may signify 

 " belong to." 



109. EL ■ LAPCANA ■ LO • YVYINEI 



ansa zaratu Chirakara asma Kupiknu kanio 



antsa zarratu Chirakara asma Kupikoi ganio 



keeps writing Chirakara of sign Kupiku to he belongs^"^ 



370. L • YEYINA • F • YVSNV 

 YNAL 



so kunekuukar'a agi kupinokapi 



kukarasa 



so Gunekoi ekara age Kupinogabeku sortze 



behold Gunekoi it bears ; behold Kupinogabeku natus 



i°4 Fabietti reads 317 very differently : 



LADCE • LaDNI • GALE LA[A.]DOI • MVDMEONEI 

 zaratuchine zaratul^aii chirasaue zara(ra)tumau nopitunonemokaneu 

 zarratu zein. zarratu kio Chirasa ne zarratu mai Nopitu non ema kanio 

 writing which write he does Chirasa to written tablet Nopitu who give to him did 

 I have given a literal translation, but the sense is far from clear. Nopitu may not be Nepete, 

 if this be the true text. I have rendered kanio as " he to him did," following the analogy of 

 hau, nail,, dio, zayo, including pronominal auxiliaries. It is thus a compound of the regular 

 termination of the imperfect kian and o. 

 IDS Pabretti's reading of 109 is : 



PL • LAPCANA ■ LO • YVY * * * L 



agi so zaratu chirakara asma kupiku sa 



egi so zarratu jar ekara (dakar) asma Kupiku 

 look writing attention brings indication Kupiku 

 The lack of three characters leaves the sense to seek. Por the first, so egi would be more in 

 accordance with modern usage. The verb ekarrl, in the 3 sing. pres. indie, would be dakar. 

 As I have elsewhere indicated, the initial d of such verbs is not recognized in Etruscan. 



