284 PROCEEDINGS OP THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



of that country. But the flesh colouring on the most ancient 

 Egyptian tombs is brown with a tinge of red, and the form of the 

 features is not Nigritic. It is not until the time of the 25th Dynasty 

 that there is evidence of Nigritic blood in the veins of the Egyptian 

 kings. The features of the Sphinx ai-e not Nigritic, and the colour- 

 ing, yet visible, is of a reddish hue. The lips are full, but that is the 

 case with the Semites, whose original locus was, in my judgment, the 

 same as the first settlers in the Delta. A side view of the Sphinx 

 gives one the impression that the ideal of the sculptor who chiselled 

 the features of that colossal symbol of royalty and wisdom, which has 

 remained a silent and unchanged witness of the rise and fall of kings 

 and of the Egyptian race, was a Caucasian face. 



The original immigrants probably came in isolated tribes, and, thus 

 spread over the Delta, would occupy and till an area of soil which 

 would become the property of the tribe that cultivated it. An 

 ancient historic document says that the sons of Mizraim, the people 

 •who dwelt in Upper and Lower Egypt, were the Ludim, Anamim, 

 Pathrusim. That is, these were the tribal names of the descendants 

 of the original Egyptians, and some of these names are verified, for 

 they are the names of places in Egypt in historic times. Probably 

 •ofishoots of those original tribes pushed westward and southward, 

 and though retaining the language of the tribes in the Nile valley, in 

 time they were regarded as an alien people. And we find in the 

 period of the Thothmes and Rameses, and even eai'lier, that the 

 Egyptians hated the Cushites on the south, and treated them as a 

 foreign people, while they seem to have been able to understand the 

 Cushites, and communicate with them without interpreters. 



Whatever their original source may have been, the evidence of the 

 earliest monuments and historical documents is that the Egyptians 

 at that time were a mixed people. 



Professor Eawlinson says (R. Yol. I. 100) : " Neither the forma- 

 -fcion of their skulls, nor their physiognomy, nor their complexion, 

 nor the quality of their hair, nor the general proportions of their 

 frames, connect them in any way with the indigenous African races, 

 the Berbers and the Negroes." 



Dr. Birch says : " On the earliest monuments they appear as a 

 red or dusky race, with features neither entirely Caucasian nor 

 Nigritic ; more resembling at the earliest age the European, at the 

 middle period of the Nigritic races, and at the most flourishing 



