Hie Area not yet mapped. 113 



The additional material which is adapted for smaller scales 

 than those mentioned above shows, in the main, only hydrog- 

 raphy and culture. Except for certain comparatively small 

 areas, relief is not expressed at all. Still, the fact should not be 

 overlooked that by far the greater proportion of the areas of high 

 relief have been maj)ped upon the larger scales. In the remain- 

 ing areas the relief element is not of so great importance. 



On the scale of 8 miles to one inch, 1,530,000 square miles 

 in addition to the areas above enumerated can be mapped. Of 

 this area, 1,200,000 square miles are furnished by the maps of 

 the General Land office and 100,000 square miles by county 

 maps of the New England states, both of which classes of maps 

 show no relief. 100,000 square miles are included from the 8- 

 mile work of the Wheeler survey, which shows relief by hachures. 

 The remainder comes in small areas from various sources. On 

 this scale, therefore, a map including 2,450,000 square miles, or 

 nearly five-sixths of the country, can be prepared, showing hy- 

 drography and culture. 



A reduction of the scale to 16 miles to one inch, or about 

 1 : 1,000,000, increases but little the area possible to majD. It adds 

 only such parts of the southeastern states as are not already in- 

 cluded, a portion of Texas, and some trifling areas in the Cordil- 

 leran region. The southeastern states can be represented on this 

 scale by the aid of comj)ilations of railroad maps, war maps, etc, 

 notably the compilations made by the United States Coast and 

 Geodetic survey during the civil war, the compilation of North 

 Carolina made by Professor W. C. Kerr, and others. 



A compilation from railroad surveys has been made of Texas, 

 which, excepting for the western i3art of the state, will answer 

 for this scale. In the Cordilleran region some small areas not 

 included in later maps have been run over so closely b}^ army 

 expeditions and exploring parties as to be worthy of a place in 

 this category. 



Altogether, an area of about 2,800,000 square miles can be 

 majjped on this scale. This leaves, besides Alaska, about 225,000 

 square miles which is too little known to be represented on a 

 scale of 16 miles to one inch. 



Much of this material is measurably deficient in the culture 

 element, inasmuch as the surveys were executed many years 

 ago and, in the interval Avhich has elapsed, this element has 

 changed greatly. This is particularly the case in the west, where 



