Photo and copyright by I!. \\ 

 A SCENi; IN WARSAW : RUSSIAN POLAND 



"If Russia got the bulk of Poland's territory and the major portion of the Polish 

 population, she also got by far the larger part of the Polish problem. Russian Poland was 

 the cradle of the Polish race, a land in which both ruling aristocrat and serving peasant 

 were Poles. The result was that Poland became a thorn in the side of Russia" (see text, 

 page 92). 



centage of that agriculture is carried on 

 in the old-time way, there are some few 

 manufacturing neighborhoods and indus- 

 trial districts. Distilleries occupy first 

 place among the industries, and there are 

 many beet-sugar and tobacco factories. 

 Petroleum springs abound along the Car- 

 pathians, and some of the towns in this 

 region grow from small villages to mod- 

 ern Beaumonts between New Year and 

 Christmas. 



Galicia has many of the world's most 

 famous salt mines. Those at Wieliczka 

 have been worked for nearly seven cen- 

 turies, at one time being a principal 

 source of revenue for the Polish kings. 

 Railroads are not permitted to run near 

 them lest their vibrations result in cave- 

 ins. Within these mines are a labyrinth 



of salt-hewn streets and alleys, lined with 

 pillared churches, staircases, restaurants, 

 shrines, and monuments. 



Nearly 2,000 workmen are employed 

 in the salt mines, working in eight-hour 

 shifts. The damp, salty atmosphere 

 seems to shorten their days ; but even at 

 that they do not appear unhappy, in spite 

 of the small wage of 20 cents a day they 

 are paid. There are little lakes in the 

 mines, sometimes 30 feet deep, which are 

 navigated by ferry-boats. Many of the 

 little ponies which draw the cars over 

 the tiny salt railway have not seen the 

 light of day for generations and are born 

 blind. 



Access to these salt mines has always 

 been difficult, for the government is 

 watchful lest alien hands destroy some 



96 



