206 Bibliography. 



him a reputation in this department of human knowledge which is not 

 diminished by his eminence in others. The able pen of a distinguished 

 foreign craniologist (then in this country) has already recorded in these 

 pages (Vol. XXXVIII, p. 341) the verdict of an acute mind accustomed to 

 i-eason on these subjects, of the uncommon value of that performance. 

 We confine our remarks on the " Egyptian Ethnography" to a few 

 extracts in the words of the author. Dr. Morton says in his introduc- 

 tion, that he has through the kindness of Mr. Gliddon, been able to ex- 

 amine a great number of Egyptian skulls, and to make extensive com- 

 parisons by means of nearly six hundred human crania, which form a 

 part of his anatomical collection. 



It was remarked fifty years ago by the learned Professor Blumenbach, that a 

 principal requisite for an inquiry such as we now propose, would be " a very care- 

 ful, technical examination of the skulls of mummies hitherto met wilii, together 

 with an accurate comparison of these skulls with the monuments." This is pre- 

 cisely the design I have in view in the foilewing memoir, which I therefore com- 

 mence by an analysis of the characters of all the crania now in my possession. 

 These may be referred to two of the great races of men, the Caucasian and the 

 Negro, although there is a remarkable disparity in the number of each. Tiie 

 Caucasian heads also vary so much among themselves as to present several differ- 

 ent types of this race, which may, perhaps, be appropriately grouped under the 

 following designations : — 



CAUCASIAN RACE. 



1. The Pelasgic* Type. In this division I place those heads which present the 

 finest conformation, as seen in the Caucasian nations of western Asia, and middle 

 and southern Europe. The Pelasgic lineaments are familiar to us in the beautiful 

 models of Grecian art, which are remarkable for the volume of the head in com- 

 parison with that of the face, the large facial angle, and the symmetry and delicacy 

 of the whole osteological structure. 



2. The Semitic Type, as seen in the Hebrew communities, is marked by a com- 

 paratively receding forehead, long, arched, and very prominent nose, a marked 

 distance between the eyes, a low, heavy, broad and strong, and often harsh devel- 

 opment of the whole facial structure. 



3. The Egyptian form differs from the Pelasgic in having a narrower and more 

 receding forehead, while the face being more prominent, the facial angle is conse- 

 quently less. The nose is straight or aquiline, the face angular, the features often 

 sharp, and the hair uniformly long, soft and curling. In this series of crania I 

 include many of which the conformation is not appreciably different from that of 

 the Arab and Hindoo; but I have not, as a rule, attempted to note these distinc- 

 tions, although they are so marked as to have induced me, in the early stage of the 

 investigation, and for reasons which will appear in the sequel, to group them, to- 

 gether wilh the proper Egyptian form, under the provisional name of Austral- 

 Egyptian crania. I now, however, propose to restrict the latter term to those 

 Caucasian communities which inhabited the Nilotic valley alove Egypt. Among 

 the Caucasian crania are some which appear to blend the Egyptian and Pelasgic 



* I do not use this term with ethnographic precision ; but merely to indicate the 

 most perfect type of cranio-facial outline. 



