Bibliography. 413 



common to the two continents are, — 1. Paludinavivipara, Linn. 2. Pa- 

 ludina fasciata, MiilL, P. achatina, Lam. 3. Physa hypnorum, Linn., 

 P. elongaia, Say. 4. Limnea palustris, Miill., L. elodes, Say, L. 

 stagnalis, Linn. ^ L. jugiilaris, Say, L. iruncatula, Miill. 5, Pla- 

 norbis albus, Miill., P. nitidus? Miill. 6. Cyclas calyculata, Drap. 

 7. Pisidium appendiculatum, Leach, P. amnicum, Miill. 8. Alasmo- 

 don margaritiferum, Linn. The author names four causes affecting 

 the dispersion of the same species into different regions, viz. transporta- 

 tion, former connection of the regions, distribution from several original 

 centres, and transmutation. On the first three of these but few re- 

 marks are made, but on the fourth, which is not strictly a means of 

 distribution of identical objects, various reflections are ventured. The 

 author leans to the doctrine of transmutation, but we do not see the 

 force of his reasoning, even to the limited extent to which he goes. 



" Descriptions and notices of some of the land shells of Cuba," and 

 " Descriptions of land shells, from the province of Tavoy, in British 

 Burmah," two papers by Augustus A. Gould, M. D. The first named 

 paper consists principally of descriptions of the animals of known 

 species, with notices of their habitats, and other information relating to 

 them, together with some corrections of existing errors ; these being 

 mostly derived from the memoranda of a gentleman long resident in 

 the island. The following species are brought forward as new, and 

 good figures are given of each of them. Pupa [Siplionostoma) porrecta^ 

 S. lactaria, Planorhis dentatus. The most interesting points of this paper 

 are, that Dr. G. sees occasion to unite into one species the three follow- 

 ing. Helicina submarginata, Gray, H. Sagra, D'Orbigny, and H. 

 pulcherrima. Lea ; and that the animal of Glandina oleacea^ Fer., cor- 

 responds with that of G. truncata, Say. In the list of species there 

 are three which are common to the United States as well as to Cuba, 

 viz. Helix septemvolva. Say, Pupa contracta, Say, Pupa ritpicola, 

 Say, (P. servilis, Gould.) 



The paper on the shells of Tavoy contains descriptions of the follow- 

 ing species. Helix procumbens^ infrendens, gaiata, anceps, retrorsa, 

 Pefitii, ViTRiNA prcestans, Bulimus atricallosus, Clausilia insignis, 

 Cyclostoma pernohilis, sectilabrum. X. 



3. Actonian Prize Essay. Chemistry, as exemplifying the loisdom 

 and beneficence of God ; by George Fownes, M. D., Cheviical Lecturer 

 in the Middlesex Hospital Medical School. New York, Wiley and 

 Putnam, 1844. 12mo, pp. 158. — This ingenious and well wrhten little 

 essay is the first of a series on a plan similar to the Bridgewater trea- 

 tises, and to be continued septennially, founded on the liberality of the 

 late Samuel Acton Esq., of Euston Square, London, who invested one 



Vol. xLYii, No. 2.— July-Sept. 1844. 53 



