THE GRAVEL DEPOSITS: DUTCH FLAT AND GOLD RUN. 143 
The Central Pacific Railroad runs on the divide between the North Fork 
of the American and Bear River, and the gravels which come first in geo- 
graphical order lie chiefly on this divide, a small portion of them, however, 
being to the northwest of the last-named stream, and between it and its trib- 
utary, Hollow Creek. ‘The main mass of the gravel extends uninterruptedly 
from Elmore Hill, just south of Bear River, for a distance of about five and 
a half miles to Indiana Hill on the American. The towns of Dutch Flat and 
Gold Run are situated on this range of gravel, the former near its northern 
extremity, the latter about two miles north of its southern end, the railroad 
passing through the latter and a little to the east of the former locality. A 
wide branch of this gravel also extends off from the main mass in a south- 
westerly direction, although intersected by Bear River, on the west side of 
which is the third important mining town of this district, Little York. 
This main mass of gravel, as is evident from an inspection of the map, is 
prolonged in the deposit which, with only a slight break at Bear River, ex- 
tends continuously from Liberty Hill to Lowell Hill, on the divide between 
Bear River and Hollow Creek. Beyond Lowell Hill are still three isolated 
patches of gravel, near each other and in the same general line of direction, 
upward towards the summit of the Sierra. Besides these, there are a few 
small areas of gravel to the south of and near the line of the railroad; the 
mining camps dependent on these are known as Blue Bluffs and Lost Camp. 
These different deposits, at all of which somewhat active mining operations 
were going on in 1870, will now be described in the order indicated, and 
principally from Mr. Pettee’s notes. 
§ 1. Dutch Flat, Gold Run, and Little York. 
As before remarked, the gravel deposits are almost continuous from 
Indiana Hill, on the North Fork of the American River, to Elmore Hill 
on Bear River above Dutch Flat. In fact, with the exception of the gap 
at the cation of Little Bear River, there is no absolute break of continuity 
between the two places mentioned, for none of the intermediate ravines cut 
through to the bed-rock at all points. In endeavoring to trace the connec- 
tion of the channel, or channels, in this great mass of gravel, the problems 
presented are, as usual in such cases, not without difficulty. Above Elmore 
Mill there can be no question as to the direction of the ancient stream; for 
from Elmore the bank at Liberty Hill is plainly in sight at a distance of less 
than two miles, and so much higher that the tops of the trees on the summit 
