THE GRAVEL: DUTCH FLAT AND GOLD RUN. 145 
possibility that the channel had any exit in this direction. Near Gold Run 
Station, and north of the railroad, is another quite well marked hill of slate, 
which may be considered as the continuation of the slope of Cold Spring 
Mountain towards Bear River. At the southern end of this last-named eleva- 
tion there is also a prominent spur of bed-rock, near Betton Ravine, which 
rises considerably above the line of the rim-rock, until the steep descent into 
the caiion of the North Fork of the American is reached, which is here 2,270 
feet below the summit of Cold Spring Mountain. On the east, the rim-rock 
is seen on the right bank of Cation Creek, for nearly the whole distance from 
the railroad to the neighborhood of the Cement Mill. On the left bank of 
the Creek there is a high ridge, the top of which has all the characteristics 
of a lava flow, and seems to be a portion of the same one to which Cold 
Spring Mountain belongs. There are one or two small patches of gravel on 
the left bank of the Creek, near its junction with the North Fork, and about 
on the same level with the main deposits of the same material on the oppo- 
site side; but they are not of much extent or value. 
The width of the gravel will average, for the whole distance between the 
railroad and Indiana Hill, nearly or quite half a mile; although there are 
many places where it has not been washed off to that width. There were 
still, in 1870, a number of claims staked out and held by their owners, on 
which no work had been done, nor could be until the banks in front had been 
washed away, or some outlet provided. In the spring of 1868 Mr. E. C. 
Uren was employed to make the necessary surveys for a deep tunnel, through 
which all the claims— north of Potato Ravine, at least — could discharge 
low down into Cafion Creek. The total length of the proposed tunnel would 
be over 9,500 feet, and then its head would still be 125 feet below the pres- 
ent surface at a point quite near the railroad. In reference to this map 
Professor Pettee remarks as follows: “Mr. Uren’s map affords, by the way, a 
good illustration of the difficulty of getting any full or correct list of claims 
or locations of mining ground. Even with his facilities for obtaining infor- 
mation, and considerable expenditure of time, some few inaccuracies — mostly 
slight, it is true — could not be prevented from creeping in.” 
An attempt was made to collect full details of everything connected with 
the hydraulic mining interests in this district, Messrs. Pettee and Bowman 
having been instructed by the writer to make a thorough survey of all the 
claims, for the purpose of ascertaining with accuracy the amount of gravel 
washed away, it being hoped that an approximation to the yield of the dis- 
