THE CHANNEL: AT YOU BET AND RED DOG. 167 
or twenty-five feet between Brown’s and Niece and West’s. And the high knob of slate to the 
south shows that the channel must have had a nearly southwest course between the two places. 
As to the difference of level, however, between Mallory’s and Heydlifi’s our results are not quite 
so satisfactory, — the reductions giving 2,641 feet for each place. But the three mines in question 
have been so far connected underground as to show, from the running of the water, that the grade 
of the bed-rock is from Mallory’s towards Heydliff’s. No great difference was expected, owing to 
the proximity of the two stations ; but the bed-rock at Mallory’s is probably five or six feet higher 
than at Heydliff’s. The calculation of the altitude of the bed-rock at the foot of the incline is 
probably less trustworthy than the others, partly on account of the difficulty of getting an accurate 
reading underground, and partly from the slight uncertainty resting upon the temperature term. 
For places so close together and so nearly on the same level, some other method of determining the 
difference of altitude is to be preferred, when the closest accuracy is desired. In the present case, 
however, there seems to be evidence enough that the bed-rock slopes at an easy river grade from 
Mallory’s to Waloupa. 
On the opposite side of Wilcox Ravine and a little to the east of Brown’s house there is slate- 
rock decidedly higher than the bed of the ravine, which may be taken as the east rim of the chan- 
nel or as a part of an island in the stream. The latter supposition seems preferable, because farther 
to the east we find other gravel similar in character, to say nothing about the high deposits on 
Chicken Point. 
So far, then, there seems to be no difficulty in tracing the channel by the grade of its bed. But 
beyond this point trouble arises. For the next half-mile in a northerly direction there is no 
deep bed-rock to be seen. In the mine just to the east of where the Red Dog road crosses the 
ravine between Savage’s and Williams’ there is a little bed-rock dipping rapidly to the east. Its 
altitude we made to be 2,828 feet. How much deeper the rock extends in an easterly direction 
there is no means of knowing, for it is not seen again until it comes out high up on the Sugar Loaf, 
three quarters of a mile distant. Somewhere between these points, it is natural to suppose, a deep 
channel lies. Still farther to the north, at a point on the south side of Missouri Cation, — opposite 
the Cozzens and Garber shaft, — bed-rock is seen at the outlet of a mine at an altitude of 
2,762 feet. Its dip is nearly northwest; that is to say, under the cation. But as the cafion has 
been filled to a considerable depth with tailings, this observation may have been deceptive. The 
course of the sluice, up which bed-rock could be followed for a distance of four or five hundred 
feet, was S. 20° E. (magnetic). Following up the sluice for about 350 feet I found the slate con- 
tinually and regularly rising. Farther up the mine the rock rose on the west side while it disap- 
peared from view under the gravel on the east. The highest point of slate-rock seen in this mine 
was where it disappeared under the gravel of the west bank which has not yet been washed away. 
This was at least forty feet above the mouth of the sluice, or, in round numbers, at an altitude of 
2,800 feet. Farther to the west there was a still higher slate hill, so that there can be no doubt 
of my having been on the west rim again, —as at the rock opposite Savage’s. So far it seems that 
the observations cannot lead to any erroneous conclusions, for we have found two points on the 
west rim with plenty of room for the channel to the east and no chance for it at the west. 
The Cozzens and Garber shaft, mentioned above, is on the north side of Missouri Cain, 
and was sunk through gravel for about ninety feet before reaching bed-rock. The depth of the 
shaft I cannot give with precision, on account of the diversity of statements made by different per- 
sons. Ninety feet is not far from correct. The altitude of the top timbers we made to be 2,747 
feet ; which would give for the bed-rock at the bottom about 2,657 feet. The prevalent idea among 
those acquainted with the region was that the deepest part of the channel was found at or near 
the bottom of this shaft. If this is so there would seem to be nothing to prevent the original 
channel’s having passed from the Cozzens and Garber shaft to the south and southwest by 
Mallory’s and Waloupa. But by going to Red Dog, bed-rock is found exposed in abundance at 
an altitude of only 2,621 feet; only four feet higher than at Niece and West’s (though the dis- 
tance in a straight line is a mile and a half), and actually lower than at Maliory’s or Cozzens and 
