THE CHANNEL: AT YOU BET AND RED DOG. 169 
of verbal evidence that it had been struck only a few feet below the present surface of the gravel at a 
number of other points. The character of the gravel — the clay, sand, and angular boulders — and 
the dip of the bed-rock where seen seem to point to the filling up of a large basin after the main 
stream had been choked by its accumulations. At any rate, high bed-rock has been found in so 
many places along Chicken Point that it is hardly possible for room to have remained for a deep 
channel from the east or northeast south of or under the Sugar Loaf. It is true, there are some 
few places where bed-rock has not been actually reached ; but if a deep channel exists at any of 
these points, we should expect to see some signs of it in the character and stratification of the gravel 
as well as at points farther up the ridge beyond the Sugar Loaf. It will also be noticed that 
between the bed-rock on the Point and that in Wilcox Ravine there is a difference of altitude of 
over four hundred feet, within a distance of less than three quarters of a mile, which would be 
rather too much for the quiet deposition of gravel. 
In the mines at the base of the Sugar Loaf— those north of the Chalk Bluffs road and having 
an outlet into the most southern fork of Missouri Cafion —I saw no bed-rock at all, but determined 
the altitude of the top of the present gravel, near the corner of the tool-house, to be 3,068 feet. 
There was a depth of at least twenty feet of gravel here, as could be seen in the cuts and gullies 
worn by the hydraulic streams, but how much more it was impossible to tell. 
In Missouri Cafion, which is now filled with tailings to a considerable depth, a spot was pointed 
out to us, a few hundred feet below where the last observation was taken, at or near which bed- 
rock used to be seen in the original bed of the cafion. We, of course, had no means of determin- 
ing its altitude with precision, but may adopt, as a rough estimate based upon the observations at 
» Cozzens and Garber’s shaft and in the Sugar Loaf mines, an altitude of 2,825 feet. 
In the Sugar Loaf mines it was noticeable that there was relatively much more sand and clay in 
the gravel than at points nearer You Bet, reminding one rather of the Chicken Point gravel. There 
was also a considerable number of rounded lava boulders, increasing rapidly in size and frequency 
as the base of the bluff was approached. These had not been met with, or at least not noticed, on 
the south side of the road. From such indications it seems fair to conclude that the present high 
gravel at the head of Missouri Caiion is not part and parcel of the main deep You Bet channel, but 
belongs rather (the top, at any rate) to the later period when the whole region was overflowed. 
Crossing from the Sugar Loaf mines in a northwesterly direction to the next outlet (where there 
were a few square rods of standing water with rushes growing, on which account we designated the 
spot, for transient purposes, as the ‘‘ Rush Swamp”), I determined the altitude of a point, where 
the bed-rock, we were told, was covered by only ten or twelve feet of tailings, to be 2,989 feet. 
This would assure us of the existence of bed-rock at an altitude of about 2,975 feet. There was no 
rock in sight, however, and no evidence as to the direction of its dip. Ata point three or four 
hundred feet north there were indications in the stratification of the sand, clay, and gravel, as if 
the underlying bed-rock dipped both in an easterly and westerly direction, — but nothing con- 
clusive. 
An eighth of a mile northwesterly from the rushes bed-rock was plainly seen at the outlet of 
Timmens’s and Brockmann’s mines. As exposed, it slopes rapidly down the cafion in a southwest- 
erly direction. But in the mine it was seen in patches here and there within a distance of three 
hundred feet of the outlet, — apparently nearly level or with a possible pitch to the northeast 
under the bank. Some of the strata of sand near the bed-rock had a dip of as much as ten or 
twenty degrees to the northeast ; though, as I have said before, I do not think too much stress 
ought to be laid on this appearance. The altitude of the highest point of bed-rock seen in this 
outlet was determined to be 3,051 feet. 
The next point where the altitude of bed-rock was measured was at the outlet of Hussey’s mine 
(a quarter of a mile, more or less, to the northwest of the last point of observation), where the rock 
exposed at the upper end of the sluice, near Mr. Hussey’s cabin, was found to have an altitude of 
only 2,913 feet. Following up the line of the sluice, — the direction of which is N. 10° E. (mag- 
netic), — the rock is hidden by the wash of the gravel, but was said by Mr. Hussey to rise six or 
