274 THE AURIFEROUS GRAVELS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA. 
distance between Angel’s and San Andreas is about twelve miles, the latter place being on the 
divide between Calaveritas River and Murray’s Creek, a small branch of the Calaveras. Through 
all the higher southeastern portion of this county the streams run in deep parallel caiions, quite 
close to each other, and having the ridges between them capped with voleanic overflows, all seem- 
ing to form part of the grand lava system which has spread far down the Sierra slope from the 
vicinity of Silver Mountain. In the vicinity of San Andreas the volcanic accumulations consist 
of alternating layers of sand, gravel, and volcanic ashes and conglomerates, overlying, as usual in 
the Sierra, gravel deposits more or less auriferous, the pay gravel being usually quite thin, and the 
whole series of detrital and volcanic materials reaching a thickness, in places, of from 150 to 200 
feet. In fact, the geological conditions are very much like those described as existing near Alta- 
ville and Angel’s. 
The most important detailed evidence of the occurrence of human remains in and under the vol- 
canic in this neighborhood is contained in the following affidavits, which are given in the form in 
which they were obtained by Mr. Voy :— 
San ANDREAS, CALAVERAS County, CALIFORNIA, January 8, 1871. 
This is to certify that we, the undersigned, proprietors of the Gravel claims known as Marshall & 
Company’s, situated near the town of San Andreas, do know of stone mortars and other stone relies, 
which had evidently been made by human hands, being found in these claims, about the years 1860 and 
1869, under about these different formations ; — 
Feet. 
1. Coarse gravel : ; : : ; . . . 5 5 
2. Sand and gravel . : ‘ 2 : ‘ ° : 100 
3. Brown gravel > * . . . . ° 7 
4. “Cement” sand : . . . . . . . 4 
5. Bluish voleanic sand . ‘ . ° : . : = 16 
6. Pay gravel : : : : 5 . . ° ‘ 6 
Total . . . . . . . = Bl 50 
The above [mentioned relics] were found in bed No. 6. 
[Signed] R. D. Hvupparp. 
JOHN SHOWALTER. 
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 3d day of January, 1871. 
W. O. Swenson, 
Justice of the Peace, Township No. 5, Calaveras County, California. 
To which Mr. Swenson also adds his own personal testimony, as follows : — 
I certify that I have seen one of the above described mortars, taken from said claims, and know the 
above to be true. ’ 
Wm. O. SWENSON, 
Justice of the Peace, Calaveras County, California. 
In Smilow & Company’s claim, on Gold Hill, about one mile west of Marshall & Company’s, 
stone mortars were found at a depth of about one hundred feet in the pay gravel, under the vol- 
canic, the formation being closely similar to that of the last-mentioned locality. This find is 
vouched for by Mr. Smilow himself. 
Once more, in the way of evidence from Tuolumne, the following is submitted : — 
San ANDREAS, CALAVERAS County, CALIFORNIA, January 3, 1871. 
This is to certi’y that I, the undersigned, did, about the year 1858, dig out of some miming claims 
known as the Stanislaus Company, situated in Table Mountain, Tuolumne County, opposite O’Byrn’s 
Ferry, on the Stanislaus River, a stone hatchet similar in shape to this [here is inserted a rough drawing 
of a cutting implement of a triangular shape] with a hole through it for a handle, near the middle. Its 
size was four inches across the edge, and length about six inches. It had evidently been made by human 
hands. The above relic was found from sixty to seventy-five feet from the surface in gravel, under the 
