366 RESUME AND THEORETICAL DISCUSSION, 
I Il III 
Platinum 85.50 79.85 76.50 
Tridium 1.05 4.20 0.85 
Rhodium 1.00 0.65 1.95 
Palladium .60 1.95 1.30 
Gold .80 .55 1.20 
Copper 1.40 .75 1.25 
Tron 6.75 4.45 6.10 
Osmiuret of iridium 1.10 4.95 7.55 
Sand 2.95 2.60 1.50 
Lead 0.55 
Osmium and loss 0.05 1.25 
101.15 100.00 100.00 
Of other metals, the following have come under our notice as occurring 
in gold washings from California and the Pacific Coast region generally: 
copper, lead, iron, and nickel. Grains of native copper have repeatedly been 
noticed by the writer, and these were undoubtedly genuime. Small particles 
of lead were detected by Mr. Wadsworth in three specimens of gold washings 
from Rock Creek, Morris Ravine, and near Placerville.* He is unable to 
decide whether they are or are not really native metal. Small fragments of 
metallic iron, also observed in some of Professor Pettee’s specimens, have 
almost certainly been introduced into the washings by accident. 
The occurrence of native nickel, however, is one which is unquestionably 
authentic, and is due to Mr. J. A. Edman, by whom specimens have been 
presented to the writer. The locality is Trinity Bar, five miles below Fort 
Yale, on Fraser River. The nickel is in the form of minute rounded grains, 
associated with magnetite, garnet, gold, platinum, and (probably) iridosmine. 
Dr. Gibbs examined the nickel grains, at the request of the writer, and 
reported that they were nearly pure nickel, containing traces of iron and 
cobalt. This is an extremely interesting discovery, as being the first well- 
authenticated instance of the occurrence of native nickel.t 
Gems of beauty or value are, with the exception of the diamond, rarely if 
ever found in the gold washings. Garnet is somewhat frequent, and is often 
mistaken for ruby. Topaz has been reported, and crystals supposed to be of 
* The surface of the lead is much pitted, corroded, and coated with a whitish earthy substance (Pb CO,?), and 
the grains are very irregular in form. 
+ The metallic iron found in the basaltic rocks of Greenland, at Ovifak, contains a little over two per cent of 
nickel. The question whether this iron is of meteoric or terrestrial origin has been considerably debated without 
a positive decision having been reached. The weight of evidence, as the writer believes, is strongly in favor of 
their having come from below rather than from above. 
