INDEX. 
Rivers of Pliocene times, width of, 342. 
variable amount of water carried by, 334. 
Roach Hill, gravel described, and locality of fossil leaves, 97. 
Roanoke Tunnel, near Bottle Hill, 96, 107, 111, 113, 118. 
locality of fossil wood, 238. 
Robinson Mine, Prospect Flat, 100. 
Rocker, used in mining, 59. 
Rock Tunnel, near Rough and Ready, 183. 
Rocky Mountains, compared with the Sierra Nevada, 27. 
Rocky Ravine, near You Bet, 173. 
Rough Gold Mine, 112. 
Rough and Ready Claim, Forest Hill, 111. 
Round Mountain, near Blue Tent, 415. 
Ruby Tunnel, at Rock Creek, 438. 
Rudyard Dam, 198. 
Russian gold mines, sanguine expectations of their mining 
engineers in regard to, 375. 
Sacramento River, fall of, 2. 
Sailor’s Canon, 108. 
Sailor Flat, 412. 
Sailor Flat Mine, sections at, 413. 
Sailor’s Union Mine, Iowa Hill Ridge, 116. 
St. Clair Flat, 486. 
_ St. Lawrence Claim, 85. 
St. Louis Mine, 457. 
Salt Spring Valley, 122. 
Sand-drift structure of gravel, 448. 
Sandstones, cause of variations in compactness of, 326. 
San Juan (North) Divide, 196-208, 387-408. 
San Juan (North) to North Bloomfield, region examined, 
391-398. 
Sapsucker Ravine, 179. 
Sardine Ravine, 168. 
Saw-mill Flat, locality of Bos latifrons, 247. 
Saw-mill Ravine, 480. 
Scad Point, near Quincy, 477. 
Scales’s Diggings, 454. 
Scenery of Sierra Nevada, 346. 
peculiar type of, in Yosemite Valley, 28. 
Schermer’s Ravine, near Oroville, 485. 
Scott’s Ravine, near Little York, 154, 156. 
Scribner, Mr., his connection with discovery of Calaveras 
skull, 268. 
Sea, the, character of its erosive action, 339. 
Seam diggings, 115, 116, 217. 
Seams of gravel in bed-rock, at Pine Grove, 457. 
Sebastopol, 460. 
j section of, across ridge near Birchville, North 
San Juan Divide, 386. 
channel, between Smartsville and 
Timbuctoo, 381. 
Sections of valleys, indicative of nature of erosion, 340. 
Secondary age of auriferous slates of Sierra, when first an- 
nounced, 35. 
Secret diggings, near La Porte, 446, 447. 
Secret Mountain, 83, 84. 
Segregated masses of ore, not persistent, 352. 
Serpentine, near Alabama Flat, 85. 
565 
Serpentine at Bald Mountain, 84. 
on Brimstone Plains, 84. 
at Byrd’s Valley, 84. 
in Coast Ranges, 21, 238. 
at Deadwood, 459. 
near Forest City, 434. 
at Nahor’s Claim, 83. 
near Puckerville, 88. 
near Spanish Flat, 473. 
Shady Run Station, 163. 
Shand’s Ranch, 406. 
Sharples, S. P., analyses by, 236, 244, 245, 269. 
Shenanigan Hill, 115. 
Sherman Claim, near Gold Run, 161. 
Shingle Springs, 86. 
Shoo-Fly Claim, Missouri Cafion, 97, 111. 
Shore’s Hill, near Spanish Ranch, 472. 
Short-Handle Claim, seam diggings, 115. 
Showalter, John, authority for discovery of implements in 
gravel under lava, 274. 
Sicard Flat Mines, 379. 
Sierra City and vicinity, 440-444, 
Sierra City and Downieville, bed-rock between, 440. 
Sierra County, supposed channels at high altitude, 442. 
drainage of, 209. 
Sierra Nevada, altitude unchanged during gravel period, 507, 
510. 
comparison of its scenery with that of the 
Alps, 27. 
geology of, 27-52. 
morphological features existed early, 506. 
rain-fall on western slope, 12, 13. 
scenery of, 27. 
topographical features of, 6-12. 
topography during gravel period, 511. 
vegetation of, 27. 
western slope always above sea in Tertiary 
times, 317. 
Silicification, an accompaniment of voleanic action, 328. 
Silicious deposits, spread over surface, 323. 
Simonin, L., takes Bret Harte as geological authority, 270. 
Silver Mountain, 126. 
Skull, the Calaveras, investigated, 267-273. 
Skulls, measurements of, 273. 
Slab Claim, 113,.117. 
Slates, auriferous, geological age of, 33-42. 
Slate-belt of the Sierra, its development, 302. 
Slate Creek Basin, 211, 212. 
map of, 452. 
Slate Creek and Cafion Creek, divide between, 452-458. 
Slides, causing formation of new channels, 54. 
Slides of lava, from Washington Ridge, 412. 
Sliding mass of gravel, at head of Morris Ravine, 484. 
Slope of the western side of the Sierra Nevada, 63. 
Sluice, used in gold mining, defined, 59, 61. 
Slumgullion Claim, 162. 
Smartsville and vicinity, 191-194. 
re-examination of, 379-383. 
changes at, since 1870, 379. 
