INDEX. 
Todd’s Valley and vicinity, 96, 97, 118, 497. 
channels of, discussed, 494, 495. 
Tom, a machine used in gold-washing, 59. 
Topaz, in gold washings, 366. 
Top gravel, yield of, at Quaker Hill, 425. 
Topography of California, 1-12. 
of Coast Ranges, 4. 
of Sierra Nevada, 6-12. 
of Sierra Nevada, at beginning of gravel period, 
511. 
Topographical features of basin of American River, present, 
as related to those of gravel period, 499. 
Transportation of large boulders and coarse gold discussed, 
516. 
Trask, J. B., M. D., his views of the gravels, 67, 68. 
Treadwell, G. A., authority, in reference to Dr. Snell’s col- 
lection, 264. 
Tree, fossil, in Manzanita Channel, 190. 
from Monte Cristo, 464. 
Triassic Rocks, on Pacific side of North America, 39. 
Trinity Bar, Fraser River, locality of native nickel, 366. 
Trinity River, 24. 
Try-Again Tunnel, 104. 
Tulare Lake, 3. 
Tunnels, on North San Juan Divide, 203, 204, 389. 
list of, near Smartsville, 382. 
Tunnel mining, its nature, 78. 
discovery of fossils connected with, 260. 
Tunnel Hill, near Jackson, 102. 
Tuolumne County, implements and human remains from 
gravel in, 262-267. 
Tuolumne Table Mountain. See, Table Mountain. 
Twelve-Mile House, Carson Road, 105. 
Tyler’s Diggings, near Oregon Creek, 431. 
Typical form of gravel ridges, so-called, discussed, 519. 
Tyson, P. T., his views in regard to the gravels, 66. 
Undercurrents, at American Hill Tunnel, 389. 
use of, explained, 373. 
Uniformity of elevation of Cordillera Peaks, 28. 
gravel deposits, in certain localities, discussed, 
322. 
Upheaval of the Sierra Nevada, its relation to epoch of gold 
impregnation, 353. 
Uplift of the Coast Ranges, character of, 17. 
of mountain-ranges, character of surface resulting 
from, 339. 2 : 
Uren, E. C., his survey and map of Dutch Flat district, 145. 
Valentine Company’s Claim, fragment of human skull from, 
under Table Mountain, 265. 
Vallecito, large nugget from, 359. 
Vallecito Flat, 129. 
Valley, the Great, 2-4. 
sections across, 3. 
rain-fall in, 13. 
Valley of San Fernando, 19. 
Valley of the San Joaquin, 3. 
Valleys, mountain, not the work of the sea, 339. 
567 
Van Emmons Claim, 114. 
Variations in character of gravel deposits, 322. 
Vegetation of the Sierra Nevada, 27, 233. 
Vein, the Great Quartz, its nature, 331. 
with dolomitic gangue at Mumford Hill, 476. 
Veins, metalliferous, upper portion oxidized, 333. 
mineral, a form of metamorphism, 353. 
Verneuil, authority as to age of rocks in Portugal containing 
implements, 282. 
Victoria, Mining Department of, value of its work, 374. 
Visalia, rain-fall at, 14. ; 
Volcanic activity, in the two great gold regions of the world, 
354. 
connected with metamorphism, 354. 
its cessation in the Sierra Nevada marks 
an epoch, 241. 
Volcanic deposits of the Sierra Nevada, 76, 77. 
epoch of the Sierra Nevada, 74. 
capping, above Columbia Hill, 406. 
between Middle and North Yuba Rivers, 
441. 
at Portwine, 453. 
Volcanic formations, their distribution in the Sierra, 302. 
Volcanic gravel, why rare, 322. 
rarely contains gold, 350. 
Volcanic manifestations in the Sierra, 513. 
Volcanic masses, the earlier the finer, 522. 
Volcanic materials, how accumulated, 346. 
Volcanic rocks, their association with gravels, 309. 
in Coast Ranges, 21, 22. 
near Forest City, 433. 
on North San Juan Divide, 397. 
order of succession of, 523. 
in Plumas and Sierra Counties, 445. 
cover surface north of the Feather, 314. 
their distribution in Southern Sierra, 312. 
near and above Sierra City, 441. 
Volcanism and silicification, their connection, 330. 
Volcano, 87. 
Nevada, locality of Jurassic fossils, 41. 
Voy, C. D., his collection of fossil leaves, 237. 
collects evidence in regard to occurrence of human 
remains and of implements in gravel, 261. 
Wadsworth, M. E., investigations of California rocks by, in 
progress, 42. 
Wahoo, near Poker Flat, 458. 
Waldeyer, Charles, on gravel at Cherokee Flat, 208. 
his paper on hydraulic mining referred to, 
373. 
Walker’s Plains, basaltic table, 486. 
Waloupa, 155, 164, 166, 422. 
Walton, A. G., information from, in regard to discovery of 
implements under lava, 265. 
Washington Claim, Bottle Hill, 111. 
| Washington Ridge, 188. 
re-examination of, 408-416. 
Water, main facts in regard to use of, in hydraulic mining, 
372. 
