GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. 47 
distinctly in the Eocene by a number of species of Cissus and Vilis, one 
of which is recognized in the Lower Miocene of Carbon, and by a fine 
Ampelopsis scarcely distinct from A. quinquefolia, in the Upper. Miocene of 
Colorado. The Lhamnacew, already in the Cretaceous in one species, be- 
come predominant in the Eocene of the Territories with Berchemia leaves, 
which, though described under a proper specific name, cannot be posi- 
tively distinguished from B. volubilis. Of the following orders in the 
vegetable series, the Tertiary has especially species of Céelastrus, Ceanothus, 
and Supinclus, this last in abundance mostly from the Miocene, with Acer, 
Negundo, and Staphylea. The Miocene species of the last genus is hardly 
separable from S. trifoliuta. The Leguminosee and the Rosacew are little 
known, and the few forms described are not as yet comparable to those 
of the present time. The first order has in our present vegetation mostly 
herbaceous plants. In the second we have a Spirwa in the flora of Alaska 
and another in that of Florissant, Colorado. A Crataegus is also present in 
the Eocene of Golden. I have described as Hamameltes some Cretaceous 
leaves considered by Saporta as related to Hamamelis ; we have, however, 
no leaves in the Tertiary which might by relation of types authorize this 
reference. But the Aradiacew are positively Cretaceous. Species of Aralia 
described from the Dakota group are reproduced in close conformity 
of types in the Upper Eocene of Evanston, and especially in the Plio- 
cene of California. Comparing, for instance, Arala quinquepartita of the 
Cretaceous Flora (Pl. XV. Fig. 6), and A. Zowneri (Pl. IV. Fig. 1) of Dr. F. V. 
Hayden’s Annual Report of 1874, with Figs. 4 and 5, Pl. V., of this memoir, 
the likeness will certainly appear striking. The fine leaf of A. Saportana, 
also, with its shorter lobe and fan-like form, is comparable to A. Whitney, 
while the present forms of Aralia with serrate lobes have a more distant 
affinity to a new species with crenate lobes recently sent from the Creta- 
ceous of Colorado. This one is quite near to A. formosa, Heer, of Moletin, 
perhaps identical with it. The Cornacee have numerous ‘species of Cornus 
in the Eocene and two in the Pliocene of California, while Nyssa is by 
leaves and fruits at Evanston. Viburnum represents the Caprifoliacee by a 
large number of leaves of different species of the Eocene. Their charac- 
ters refer them as intermediate to V. dentatum and V. lantanoides, and one 
of them to V. ellipticum of Oregon. Professor Newberry describes in his 
Ancient Floras two species from the Fort Union group. We have none as 
1 Hedera, also, the well-known Ivy introduced from Europe, is of Cretaceous origin on this continent. 
