60 APPENDIX. 
Of course no satisfactory comparison can be made from such an incomplete 
fragment. Heer describes the leaves of his species as doubly, sharply den- 
tate, the intermediate teeth being entered by branches of the lateral veins. 
In the specimen from California the veins branch in the upper part and 
tend to the borders, as in the leaves represented by Heer from Green- 
land specimens, and this direction indicates a duplicate denticulation of the 
borders. This, however, is not positive evidence. Heer compares his species 
to the living Quercus cuspidata, Thnb. of Japan. 
Quercus pseudo-chrysophylla, sp. nov.? 
Leaf coriaceous, twelve centimeters long, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base to a short 
thick petiole, gradually narrowed from the middle upwards, or tapering to a short acumen ; 
borders distantly obscurely dentate ; lateral nerves very oblique, curved in passing up, and 
tending toward the teeth, thick, abruptly forking in two branches of diminutive size just 
near the borders, one of the divisions entering a tooth, the other passing under it and 
joining tertiary branches in the middle of lateral areas. 
The leaf is finely preserved. Comparing it to some of the numerous 
varieties of Quercus chrysophylla, Humb. and Bonpl., it is scarcely possible 
to doubt its specific identity. It has the same shape, the same size, the same 
consistence, and the same nervation. The lateral nerves are slightly more 
oblique, the angle of divergence being 80°. But in the numerous specimens 
of Q. chrysophylla which I have for comparison, the leaves vary in length 
from four to twelve centimeters, and the angle of divergence of the lateral 
nerves is between 40° and 80°. The essential character of the nervation, the 
forking of the lateral nerves near the borders, distinct only in one species of 
the Miocene, Quercus furcinervis, is still more marked in the Pliocene leaf of 
California, as it is also in those of the living Q. ehrysophylla. 
Habitat. — This species now inhabits the Sierra Nevada, from Oregon to 
Monterey, to an altitude of 6,000 feet. 
One of the specimens, No. 43, represents a fragment of a large leaf, 
apparently of Ficus tiliwfolia, described on p. 18 (PI. IV. Figs. 8, 9.) 
Acer arcticum, Henr, Arct. Fl. IV. p. 86. PY XXII. Figs. 4,7; Pl. XXIII. Figs. 4, 5. 
Leaf of medium size, six and a half centimeters long and as broad in the middle, triangular 
in outline, truncate-cordate at the base, obscurely palmately five-nerved and five-lobed, 
coarsely sinuate-dentate on the borders. 
As in some of the leaves (in Heer, |. c.) to which this is comparable, the 
palmate division of the lower lateral nerves is not very definite, the inferior 
