60 APPENDIX. 



Of course no satisfactory comparison can be made from such an incomplete 

 fragment. Ileer describes the leaves of his species as doubly, sharply den- 

 tate, the intermediate teeth being entered by branches of the lateral veins. 

 In the specimen from California the veins branch in the upper part and 

 tend to the 1 (orders, as in the leaves represented by Ileer from Green- 

 land specimens, and this direction indicates a duplicate denticulation of the 

 borders. This however, is not positive evidence. Heer compares his species 

 to the living Quercus cuspidata, Thnb. of Japan. 



Quercus pseudo-chrysophylla, sp. nor.? 



Leaf coriaceous, twelve centimeters long, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base to a short 

 thick- petiole, gradually narrowed from the middle upwards, or tapering to a short acumen; 

 borders distantly obscurely dentate ; lateral nerves eery oblique, curved in passing up, and 

 tending toward the teeth, thick, abruptly forking in two branches of dim in at ire size just 

 near the /'orders, one of the divisions entering a tooth, the other passing under it and 

 joining tertiary branches in the middle of lateral areas. 



The leaf is finely preserved. Comparing it to some of the numerous 

 varieties of Quercus chrysophylla, Humb. and Bonpl., it is scarcely possible 

 to doubt its specific identity. It has the same shape, the same size, the same 

 consistence, and the same nervation. The lateral nerves are slightly more 

 oblique, the angle of divergence being 80°. But in the numerous specimens 

 of Q. chrysophylla which I have for comparison, the leaves vary in length 

 from four to twelve centimeters, and the angle of divergence of the lateral 

 nerves is between 40° and 80°. The essential character of the nervation, the 

 forking of the lateral nerves near the borders, distinct only in one species of 

 the Miocene, Quercus furcinervis, is still more marked in the Pliocene leaf of 

 California, as it is also in those of the living Q. chrysophylla. 



Habitat. — This species now inhabits the Sierra Nevada, from Oregon to 

 Monterey, to an altitude of 6,000 feet. 



One of the specimens, No. 43, represents a fragment of a large leaf, 

 apparently of Ficus tiUcefolia, described on p. 18 (PI. IV. Figs. 8, 9.) 



Acer arcticum, Heer, Arct. FL IV. p. 86. PI. XXII. Pigs. 4, 7 ; PI. XXIII. Pigs. 4, 5. 



Leaf of medium size, six and a half centimeters long and as broad in the middle, triangular. 

 in outline, truncate-cordate at the base, obscurely palmately five-nerved and fivc-lobed, 

 coarsely sinuate-dentate on the borders. 



As in some of the leaves (in Heer, 1. c.) to which this is comparable, the 

 palmate division of the lower lateral nerves is not very definite, the inferior 



