Dr. H. Preiswerk—Oil Region of the Northern Punjab. 17 
village of Gundewali Bani (Gunda) there is a pit about 50 feet deep 
and a boring 75 feet deep, as well as several small shafts, from which 
oil is obtained occasionally. 
Further details are to be found as follows :— 
_ Wynne: ‘Note on the Petroleum Locality of Judkal, near 
Futtijung, west of Rawalpindi, etc.” (Records Geol. Survey of India, 
vol. III, 1868, p. 73). 
Lyman: General Report on the Punjab Oil Lands (Lahore, 1870). 
The boring struck Nummulitic beds rich in fossils and cellular 
limestones. 
About two miles west of Gunda, at the southern affluent of the 
Bhagwan Kas, oil-traces are to be found in gypsiferous green marls, 
and at the Bhagwan Kas itself we also find nice oil-outcrops in marly 
layers between limestones dipping steeply north. 
Near the village of Charat there are also oil-outcrops as well as 
a boring 15 feet deep, out of which gas and oil escape. Oil-springs 
also appear in a little anticline west of Charat (about 1 mile). 
The numerous oil-outcrops are also here restricted to the base of 
the Kuldana beds, which together with Nummulitic limestones 
rise in the shape of a steep anticline from under the Murree beds. 
From the map and the sections I-II, Plate I, we see that we have 
here to deal with a complex anticline, the structure of which rapidly 
changes along the strike. The various cores of the subsidiary 
anticlines (consisting of marls and limestone) are separated from one 
another by distinct sandstone synclines; this can be seen very 
clearly at Gunda. 
The whole complex of the Nummulitic limestones and the Kuldana 
beds near Fatehjang form an isolated anticlinal zone lying parallel 
to the front of the Chitta Pahar chief anticline, just as the anticline 
of Golra is related to the chief anticlinal zone of Margala. 
Compared with the Golra region, that of Fatehjang shows on an 
average a less considerable dip of the strata, which is worth men- 
tioning in regard to the oil occurrences. 
The facies of the Kuldana beds (Upper Nummulitic) near 
Fatehjang is deviating from the development near Golra in so far as 
in the anticline of Fatehjang the clay—and marl—facies of the 
Kuldana beds extend into the underlying Nummulitic limestone as 
well as into the overlying Murree sandstone formation. 
I wish to point out especially the considerable abundance of 
fossils in the clayey marls overlying immediately the Nummulitic 
limestones and the cellular dolomites. The exposures of these 
marls attract our attention by an enormous number of isolated 
individuals of Assilina. According to Zuber, Assilina exponens and 
Nummulites perforatus are especially abundant (loc. cit., p. 342).1 
Near Charat I have found pieces of a big tooth in the “ Upper 
Nummulitic ’? (Kuldana beds). Dr. H. Stehlin, of Basle, succeeded 
1 Wynne also mentions “‘ teeth of sharks” and “large bones”’: Records, 
UL, qs Wax 
VOL. LVIII.—No. I. 
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