20 Dr. H. Preiswerk—Ou Region of the Northern Punjab. 
and alluvium covers the plain and prevents us from recognizing 
the structure of the Tertiary strata any farther. 
On the plain to the west of the Basala River exposures are very 
rare. It is only at Murat, in the brook encircling the place, that 
the strata of the Upper Nummulitic are very nicely exposed. In 
the little valley, which branches off north from the eastern curve 
of the brook, outcrops of bituminous limestones occur. 
To the west of the village the steep Nummulitic limestone masses 
of the Kairi-Murat ridge rise from the plain. The Upper Nummulitic 
and the Murree sandstones accompany the lirhestones at the foot of 
the mountains south and north of the ridge in steep or often over- 
turned strata. 
The village of Murat, therefore, lies at the very place where the 
massive Nummulitic limestones disappear to the east below the 
Upper Nummulitic beds. 
 MGESS 
Angular Boulders 
Seas with Bitumen 
Mi} LALA 
Sandstone and Sandy Clays superficially 
Fig. Oe impregnated with Bitumen 
150 feet ca. 
It is worthy of note that the bituminous character of the rocks 
is pronounced just at those places where the limestone anticline 
dives below. The axis of the anticline is, to the east, marked 
only by the Upper Nummulitic, while the massive limestones have 
definitely sunk below. 
It is peculiar that the connecting link between the anticlinal core 
at Murat and the anticline at the oil-springs does not agree in its 
direction either with the general direction of the Kairi-Murdi ridge 
nor with the strike of the strata at the Sil and Basala Rivers. The 
anticlinal axis must, therefore, have suffered either a strong bend 
to the south between Murat and the Basala River or a displacement 
to the south along a tranverse fracture. 
6. THE OCCURRENCE OF ROCK-TAR NEAR LUNDEGAR. 
About 24 miles south-west of Murat, near Dhak Bhatwari, a hill 
called Lundegar rises out of the gently north-west-rising surface of 
the country. The hill consists of limestone boulders, at the base 
of which sandstones of the Murree formation are exposed with 
steep dip (Fig. 7). 
About 100 metres south-west from the hill a flat lenticular mass 
of tar appears from under a cover of loess, with an extension of 
about 15 metres. In a brook near by, the base of the tar-lens is 
denuded. It consists of mixed clays, loess, and conglomerates. 
