34 Dr. F. H. Hatch—The World’s Copper Supplies. 
The expansion of the engineering trades then caused a more 
rapid increase of consumption, and by the middle of the century 
it reached close on 60,000 tons per annum. British Colonies 
(Australia and the Cape) and the United States now began to take 
part in production, but the United Kingdom maintained its lead, 
furnishing a quarter of the whole. The countries next in importance 
were Chile, Cuba, Russia, and Japan. The Chilean output was from 
rich oxide ores, which were imported into the United Kingdom for 
smelting in Swansea. Large quantities of similar ores were brought 
COPPER FROM HOME ORES. 
Diagram of Percentage Output by Producing Countries From1803-1913. 
coy Fa CIR ae S 
Biss ee wess ie 
> 4 rh 
< [eg | 
» Si ‘ S 
\ Pur, | xX My 7 7 
* | | ‘| Oy vi 
\ IS |4] \ IS S| 
Neal Me \\ N NI bo} 
Ll 9 ie \ 4 S| Rie ‘ Be 
Be OR Dee 
OP bye | ime ° Soe 
flee \ | \ 
| iS Nr, oe eee \ ise 
2 ME \ Sy ats. | 
oe 4 ii ees 
ae Te gO Pepe 
. Yee) 
Ny fe S| (Si el 
NSH sl Ns BS ts eae Lyi 
Un, a Rep f cs 
iv | aN ~hat. S 
Peo 2 Ay oA i 
4 We TER ot. os 
| S06, Ss \ . 4 
! SI Ss oe HRS AY if aren 
| Ray AS bel 
| i . S| 
\ LJ 
L JUL Wa i >=~ P| 
1803 1813 1823 1833 1843 1853 1863 1873 1883 1893 1803 = 1913 
from Cuba; but imports from this source ceased about 1870. The 
British Colonies contributed 5 per cent of the total, mainly from the 
Kapunda and the Burra-Burra mines, discovered in South Australia 
in the forties ; while the United States’ contribution of two per cent 
was derived almost entirely from the Lake Superior native copper 
mines, which began to produce in 1845. 
For the next twenty years the consumption maintained a fairly 
uniform rate of acceleration, being about 85,000 tons in 1860 and 
115,000 tons in 1870. The increase was met by an expansion of 
production in Chile, which now exported a considerable proportion 
of its copper in the form of metal (Chile bars) and regulus; whereas, 
