16 Dr. H. Preiswerk—Oil Region of the Northern Punjab. 
in nearly all its northern curves: at Ghora Gali, at Basra Gali, at 
Tschita Moor, at Sunny Bank, and where the road branches off 
to Kuldana. North of the Kuldana cross-road the road to 
Kuldana cuts the section Fig. 5. 
The bituminous limestones are quarried and furnish good 
gravelling material. Itis worthy of note that the massy Nummulitic 
limestones are less developed in this section, the nodular marly lime- 
stone, which forms the upper beds of the Nummulitic limestone 
series, predominating. This fact may, tectonically, be explained, in 
that the core of the anticline is sinking rapidly here, towards the 
east below and between the overlying Murree sandstones, as shown 
by the exposures near Khani Tak (Plate I). 
The north flank of the anticline contains here also bituminous 
beds. Bituminous rocks are probably to be found along the whole 
length of the north flank, which is here less easily accessible than 
the south flank. I have examined this north flank in the deep 
gorge of the Kurang River. Sections VIII and IX of Plate I show 
the geological features stated there. The northern contact of the 
anticlinal limestones show throughout bituminous rocks. They 
are the same nodular limestones carrying bitumen as we have found 
at Kuldana. It is also the same bituminous zone struck by the 
Tret road. At the bottom of Kurang valley the bituminous rocks 
are accompanied. by several sulphur springs; 7 or 8 miles to the 
north-east, at the end of the limestone range at Khani Tak, another 
sulphur spring comes forth, which also illustrates the geological 
conformity of the whole range from Tret to the east of Kuldana. 
To the north of the section represented on p. 15 follow the sand- 
stones of Kuldana, which I take to be a syncline between the 
anticlinal limestones. These sandstones are again followed, to 
the north, by thick red clays of the Upper Nummulitic, and then 
at Dara Gali, by a Nummulitic limestone anticline also containing 
bituminous beds. 
This section has already been descubed by Wynne and later by 
Middlemiss.1 His section stretches north as far as the Nummulitic 
limestone of Dara Gali. There seems to be a great probability of 
these northern Nummulitic limestone zones of Dara Gali being 
identical with the Golra anticline. The narrow anticline of Tret 
must then correspond to the pre-anticline of Mandla. From this 
fact we see the bituminous zones of Golra—Saidpur—Ratta Hotar 
extend very far towards the east, and it seems that most of the 
bitumen is found in those anticlines which are farthest advanced 
towards the sandstone foreland. 
Some samples of the bituminous marls of Basra Gali and Ghora 
Gali gave 7-9 per cent bitumen (as benzol extract). 
4. FATEHJANG. 
A certain number of natural and artificial oil-shows are to be found 
some miles north-west of the little town of Fatehjang. Near the 
1 Memoirs Geol. Surv. India, vol. xxvi, p. 225. 
