14 Dr. H. Preiswerk—Ou Region of the Northern Punjab. 
synclines of gypsiferous marls of the “ Upper Nummulitic”’ and 
sandstones of the Murree beds. 
The geological features of this section correspond to those of the 
Golra section. The southern anticline of Ratta Hotar is the direct 
eastern continuation of the oil anticline of Golra, as shown on the 
geological map (Plate I). The syncline between the two anticlines 
in Section VI is the continuation of the syncline of Sang Jani and 
Shah Aladitta. The Murree sandstones of this syncline, which 
north of Golra have a breadth of more than one mile, are reduced to 
a minimum at Ratta Hotar. 
Environs of Saidpur.—The synceline with Upper Nummulitic clays 
north of the oil-springs of Ratta Hotar can be followed up to the 
west as far as Saidpur. It is always accompanied, on both sides, 
by limestones. To the west of Saidpur the variegated clays with 
gypsum appear in isolated complexes only, disposed in a way which 
leads us to suppose that overfolding of the northern anticlinal 
limestone core over the syncline has taken place. In the village of 
Saidpur, even at a place where oil is said to be found, nothing is 
to be seen of the variegated clays, which otherwise always accompany 
the oil; only limestone appears. The red clays are, however, 
visible immediately east of the village, and dip north at only 40°. 
It is probable that at Saidpur the clays are covered by overfolded 
limestones. North of the village we notice in the limestones planes — 
of overthrust dipping north at 40°. 
The bituminous rocks of Dhak Jiwan lie exactly in the line of the 
syncline Ratta Hotar—Saidpur. Thus it is most probable that this 
oil-bearing zone continues in depth below the limestone masses to 
the west of Saidpur. 
Occurrence of the Oul—Oil and oil-bearing rocks appear in the 
environs of Ratta Hotar especially in the transition beds between 
Nummulitic limestones and the younger gypsum-bearing clays of 
the “ Upper Nummulitic”’. In some places oil-traces are said to 
occur also deeper in the Nummulitic limestones. As the rocks 
possess very differing qualities above and below the oil-zone, the 
oil-lines are easy to recognize. The limestone bed running from the 
village of Saidpur eastwards to Ratta Hotar and crossing, about 
1 mile north of the village of Mandla, the side-valley of Bharakao 
contains the most important oil-shows on its boundary-lines on 
both sides towards the Upper Nummulitic. This limestone region 
is, indeed, the core of the anticline of Golra. Thus we find also in 
the Saidpur region the most important oil-spring, that of Ratta 
Hotar, on the north flank of the Golra anticline. 
3. TRET-MURREE (Plate I, Sections VIII, IX). 
The north-eastern continuation of the oil-zones of Golra and 
Saidpur—Ratta Hotar is well exposed on the high road from 
Rawalpindi to Murree, between Tret and Murree, and also on the 
