12 Dr. H. Preiswerk—Oil Region of the Northern Punjab. 
no Murree sandstones appear, but only younger conglomerates and 
marls, which might belong to the Upper Siwalik or even to the older 
Diluvium. The absence of the thick Murree formation shows that 
we have to deal with a very remarkable dislocation, which I have 
looked upon as a fracture and steep overthrust of the crest of the 
anticline. 
Owing to the steep dip of the Siwalik conglomerates we must 
conclude that the folding of the rocks has been going on up to the 
youngest geological periods. 
I have further examined the formations running west and east 
from the section of the Golra oil-spring. First the anticline of 
Golra: The anticlinal axis is soon covered by alluvium to the east 
of the main oil-springs. About half a mile to the east outcrops show 
again, near Hill 2207 (Section V, Plate I). This hill has already been 
mentioned on p. 7. Here the anticline is strongly pushed up. 
The massive Nummulitic limestones, which form the core of the 
anticline, appear on the steep Hill 2207, running along the crest, 
accompanied on both sides by the overlying Upper Nummulitic 
and the Murree beds. The Upper Nummulitic is here completely 
eroded away on the anticlinal axis. The strata are everywhere very 
steep. The south flank is overturned, and dips north at 60°. The 
limestones in the axis of the anticline are covered by alluvium 
towards the east of Dheri Kila, and only appear again near Saidpur 
and Nurpur Shahan. 
The anticline of Golra is hardly exposed to the west of the Mosque 
Dheri Shah Sikandar Wali. Some isolated exposures of variegated 
marls and a limestone ridge, that crosses the road from Rawalpindi 
to Shah Aladitta, mark its course. About 3 miles to the west of 
the oil-springs—between Sarai Kharabuza and Johd—the Upper 
Nummiulitic is again well exposed as grey-black, fossiliferous, and 
variegated clays of a thickness of several hundred metres. Adjoining 
them towards the south appears the Nummulitic limestone, which 
crosses the road from Rawalpindi to Sang Jani as a ridge. The 
limestones break forth always more towards the west. They form 
the hills to the south of Sang Jani, accompanied on both sides by 
younger formations, and continue their course in the limestone 
hills of the Kala Chitta Reserve to the north of Kutbal.. While the 
Golra anticline runs W.S.W., the southern border of the Margala 
Hills, to the north of Golra, runs directly west. Thus the sandstone- 
syncline between the two anticlines to the west widens out con- 
siderably, and reaches a breadth of about 4 miles in the neighbour- 
hood of Sang Jani. Toward the east, on the contrary, this syncline 
of Sang Jani-Shah Aladitta becomes rapidly narrower. The sand- 
stones forming the core of the syncline appear in the environs of 
Saidpur only in scanty patches embedded in the Upper Nummulitic, 
which, still farther east, at last as a narrow stripe, separates the 
limestones of the Golra anticline from the Hill-Nummulitic lime- 
stones of the principal anticline, both of which join to form one 
mountain mass to the east of Saidpur (see Plate I). 
