Siwalik ? 
Dr. H. Preiswerk—Oil Region of the Northern Punjab. 9 
I have been told at the Rawalpindi gas-works that they yearly 
obtained about six barrels of oil from Golra. Together with other 
oil and wood it is used in the manufacture of gas and of tar. 
The second oil-spring, hardly 100 metres farther to the west, lies 
in the bed of a brook parallel to the first. There, too, we notice in 
various places oil flowing into the water of the brook together with 
springs of sulphuretted hydrogen. The main oil-spring is only 
a few feet above the brook in a little channel running east. It is 
a cavity filled with oil. From time to time gas-bubbles rise from 
the oil. 
The third and most westerly oil-spring is situated near the Mosque 
of Dheri Shah Sikandar Wali. To the east of this building, on 
the left bank of the river, appear limestones with clayey marls 
richly impregnated with oil. 
NNW. Oilspring SSE. 
eat, / Wy “by Yh WY Wi), it Yi PLP 
Bo ty , YY ih 77 EWS 
7 8 
/ 
Upper Nummulitic 
1 Fed Clays, Yellow friable Maris a oe one 
2. Conglomerate -ridge 
3. Fed Clays with layers of Nummulites 2 
4. Light-yellow coloured Marls and Red Clays Sm Purple Sandstone 
with Gypsum m ® 1/2. Layerof Nodular Limestone 
5. Limestone 3 13. Cray Sandstones 
6. Oil-bearing, Poraus limestones and Marls 
with the main Qil-spring 
2 Gypsum 
8. Fed and Yellow Clays with layers of Limestone ; 
9. Nummulitic Beds Fig. 3 
to Purple Clays 
Some oil is also said to flow out of a channel halfway between the 
main oil-springs of Golra and of the Mosque. There was, however, 
nothing to be seen at the time of my visit. 
Geological Structure of the Neighbourhood of the Oul-springs. 
1. Near the Oil-springs.—The section (Fig. 3) informs us about 
the nature and arrangement of the rocks in the immediate neighbour- 
hood of the main oil-springs north of Golra. 
Many of the rocks appearing near the main spring on the brook 
are very bituminous, and the thickness of the bituminous beds may 
be estimated at 40 feet. 
The oil-bearing rocks are essentially porous and crumbly lime- 
stones and calcareous marls as well as gypsum. Here and there we 
find beautiful crystals of aragonite in the oil-marls. The strata 
have an inclination of 60° on an average, towards N.N.W. Towards 
the lower end of the valley, below the oil-bearing beds, follow red 
and light yellow coloured marls and clays, about 50m. thick, 
