8 Dr. H. Preiswerk—Ouil Region of the Northern Punjab. 
the soft Kuldana beds escape erosion and become visible especially 
where they are protected by swellings of the folded limestone core 
of the anticline (compare sketch Fig. 2). 
DESCRIPTION OF THE O1L LOCALITIES. 
1, Golra (Rawalpindi District). 2, Saidpur—Ratta Hotar. 3, 
Tret-Murree. 4, Fatehjang. 5, Sil and Basala Rivers, near Murat. 
6, The Rock-Tar at Lundegar. 
The six oil-fields I havé visited belong to two Nummulitic hme- 
stone ranges :— 
(a) The border ranges north of the Rawalpindi plateau: Margala 
Hills and Chitta Pahar (Sections I-IV). 
(0) The Kairi-Murdi ridge, near Murat, south-west of Rawalpindi 
(Sections V and VI). 
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1. GOLRA. 
The Oil-springs. 
To the north and west of Golra we find three oil-springs, the most 
westerly of which is about 2 miles, the most easterly nearly 3 miles 
distant from the railway station of Golra Junction. The three 
oil-springs lie in a straight line, running N. 60° E., and there is a 
distance of something more than one mile between the most westerly 
and the most easterly of the springs (compare Plate I). 
The most important of the three springs near Golra village is the 
one farthest to the east. It is situated on a small river, which has 
cut itself 4 metres deep into the plateau, about 400 metres to the 
north-east of the bathing-place, which lies in the garden of the 
Hindu Padri: Mamt Advita Nand. 
The oil flows out in drops into the little brook, together with water 
containing sulphuretted hydrogen. The main spring rises a little 
above water-level on the western bank of the brook. In a dark- 
brown substance mixed with clayey and tarry material there is an 
excavation which is filled with oil, and—when exhausted—fills itself 
again daily. The oil is somewhat thick and of a dark-brown colour. 
