mera 
pare: bi DS ira Vote oD & tr: 
Dr. H. Preiswerk—Oil Region of the Northern Punjab. 7 
Nummiulitic limestones and perhaps also by Mesozoic limestones. 
A nice example of this is furnished by the limestone plateau pro- 
jecting into the plain to the west of Saidpur, under the base of which 
sandstones and red clays of the younger formations disappear, 
while following the general strike of the range. I also know quite 
well that nice turn of the strata in the Nummulitic limestone (turning 
south) of the Kairi-Murat ridge which may be so well recognized 
from the Forest Bungalow of Murat. The only question is if those 
indications of north-south directed overthrusts have more than local 
importance, and if, on account of that, we are justified in con- 
sidering mountain ranges like the Kairi-Murat ridge as remainders 
of an overthrust. I cannot answer this question in the affirmative. 
Wherever I had an opportunity of making exact observations, viz. 
in the eastern part of the Kairi-Murat ridge and in that part of the 
Chitta Pahar which runs out to Golra, I came to the conclusion that 
the Nummulitic limestone ranges of these outliers correspond to 
fold-axes of autochthonous anticlines. J, therefore, come back— 
contrary to Zuber’s idea—to the view held by Wynne, who has 
expressed it not quite so distinctly in his sections, but very clearly 
on his map of the north-west Punjab.t 
The difference of opinion is best illustrated by comparing Zuber’s 
sections: p. 338, figs. 2-5, and p. 343, fig. 9, with my sections 
IV-X, Plate I. The reasons which induced me to suppose 
autochthonous anticlines are :— 
(2) The limestone ridges interrupting the uniform sandstone 
district of the Murree beds are not to be considered as erratic masses 
above the Murree beds, but as in stratigraphical normal connexion 
with them, the limestone core of the anticline being almost regularly 
accompanied on either side by variegated, often oil-bearing marls 
and clays of the Kuldana series (Upper Nummulitic) and separated 
by them from the younger Murree beds. 
(b) The soft Kuldana beds would certainly not have remained 
in their normal position if forming the top of overthrust lme- 
stone-folds. 
(c) Further, the massive beds of limestone of Sihala (Point 2207, 
Zuber, fig. 4) cannot be considered as an isolated overthrust relict. 
They form a member of an uninterrupted chain of several lime- 
stone outcrops, accompanied by Kuldana beds, which can be seen 
following in a straight line the strike-direction from Golra as far as 
Chitta Pahar, where they unite with the chief mass of the Nummulitic 
limestones (see Plate I), We can easily understand this range of 
limestone ridges as separate cores of a steep, compressed anticline ; 
but we can hardly believe it to be the front boundary of an over- 
thrust range. 
The fact that the Kuldana beds frequently and often on both sides 
dip in under the limestone ridges is explained by the reflection that 
1 Map 1 inch = 8 miles, Records Geol. Surv. India, vol. x. 
