52 Prof. P. F. Kendall—The Glaciation of Ireland. 
products of glacial rivers, but he combats the opinion that they 
were laid down either beneath the ice or in ice cafions. Some 
arguments are advanced which will perhaps be accepted as sound, 
but, before Professor Gregory’s views can be generally adopted, 
I feel that the subject must be approached with much greater 
deliberation and with a much fuller knowledge both of the facts 
already recorded and of Irish geology than he at present possesses. 
It is obvious, as the author himself remarks, that “‘ The first test, 
whether the eskers were due to sub-glacial rivers or were deposited 
as marginal banks, is the sources of the esker materials ”’, yet he has 
made no attempt whatever to accumulate this vital evidence 
beyond a very few casual references ; nor has he even used the data 
already provided by the Geological Survey and by other workers. 
In some instances these would support his conclusions, but in 
others they are in entire contradiction; for example, the ridge 
near Barony Bridge is thus alluded to by him under the heading 
“The Eskers of Tyrone”: “has obviously been formed as a 
marginal formation by a glacier flowing northward and north- 
westward from Evishanoran Mountain.” Dr. J. K. Charlesworth, 
on the other hand, informs me that the ridge in question was 
certainly laid down by ice moving from the north-west, and that it 
is full of the Tyrone granites. 
In another case I think Dr. Gregory is right in spite of himself ; 
his fig. 9 is a map showing the Hsker System near Dunmore, 
co. Galway. Of this he says: “ The distribution of the erratics, the 
direction of the strie, and the trend of the drumlins show the main 
flow of the ice was from north-west to south-east.’’ Now, the only 
mention of erratics 1s a casual reference to black chert, which has no 
bearing on the question, as it might have come from any point 
of the compass; no information whatever is vouchsafed regarding 
the drumlins, and it is amazing, but true, that the striee are indicated 
on the maps by arrows “ after Sollas ’’ which show “the course of 
the ice-movement”’ to be, as Sollas explicitly declares, “‘ from south- 
east to north-west” ! 
Another, and in many respects more serious, defect is exhibited 
by a sketch-map (fig. 11), in which “ the broken arrows represent 
the course of the ice-movement after W. B. Wright”. The first 
objection to this is that Wright’s fig. 27 in his valuable Quaternary 
Ice Age shows “ the lines of ice-flow and limits of glaciation in the 
British Isles’ obviously, by the words just quoted, at the maximum, 
and therefore quite inapplicable to the late stage of shrinkage and 
retreat represented in Professor Gregory's view by the eskers. 
But, worse than this, a minute sketch-map one inch in breadth is 
enlarged up to the full breadth of a quarto page; and, worse still, 
the enlargement has been so badly done by the artist that arrows 
have been swung round through angles of 20-40 degrees. This 
carelessness or unskilfulness might in some cases have been 
immaterial, but as, for instance, an arrow passing through Carrick- 
