74 Dr. H. Prevswerk—Ouil Region of the Northern Punjab. 
by a continuous land-bridge crossing from Britain to Canada. The 
marine fauna living along the southern shore of this continent should 
be equally uniform; and as such a bridge must have had a repre- 
sentative in Lower Carboniferous times it should follow that the 
mountain limestone faunas of Britain should be in large part 
identical with those of the States. It appears probable that a 
comparison of their faunas, founded, not on literature, but on actual 
material, would be a most profitable undertaking, and that it might 
enable British geologists to make use of the evidence of a succession 
of faunas which has been collected by their North American 
colleagues. 
On the Geological Features of the Oil Region in the 
Northern Punjab (British India). 
By H. Preiswerx, Basle. 
(Continued from p. 21.) 
B, THE OIL REGION OF JABA IN THE WESTERN SALT 
RANGE, MIANWALI DISTRICT (see Figs. 9 and 10). 
THE OIL-SPRINGS. 
[HE oil-springs of Jaba are situated at the foot of the steep lime- 
stone hills 14 or 2 miles distant from the village of Jaba and 7 miles 
from the railway station of Massan. On the topographical map 
(Sheet 38, p. 9, scale 1 inch =1 mile) the two main oil-springs 
are marked. ‘The north-western spring is called Chota Kutta by 
the natives, the south-eastern Burra Kutta, from the brooks where 
they are found. 
The richest oil-spring is that of Chota Kutta. It is situated 
immediately at the entrance of a narrow ravine which has been cut 
by the little brook into the steep limestone ridge. The most 
important of the oil-shows are on the right bank of the brook. 
Oil issues at several places out of the Nummulitic limestone, 
together with water containing sulphuretted hydrogen. The total 
outflow of the natural oil-springs of Chota Kutta and Burra Kutta 
has been collected by the Chowkeedar during three months. The 
daily outflow was found to be about 1 gallon (4-5 litres), three- 
fourths of which issues at Chota Kutta according to Lyman’s 
estimation. 
In 1912 the production of oil of the Mianwali District was 
950 gallons ; 1916, 1,334 gallons ; and 1917, 919 gallons. 
In front of the entrance to the narrow ravine, at the foot of the 
limestone ridge and a few yards distant from the oil-springs, some 
shallow shafts have been dug, from which oil and gas issue. Also 
a little boring has been made—30 yards below the entrance to the 
ravine—the depth of which is said by the natives to be 300 feet. 
I have taken a sample of the oil issuing from the boring. It 1s 
