Dr. H. Preiswerk—Oil Region of the Northern Punjab. 79 
important stratigraphical horizon which almost throughout the 
whole Salt Range overlies the Nummulitic formation. 
Tectonics —The Sections I-IV on Fig. 10 show the most important 
tectonic features of the Jaba oilfields. From Massan towards the 
hills the inclination of the strata increases more and more. Near 
Massan the sandstones dip at about 10° only to the north-east, 
but their inclination increases to 50-60° at the border of the Salt 
Range. At the oil locality Chota Kutta itself the limestone beds 
dip 60°. (Section I, Fig. 10.) 
The inclination of the oolitic beds overlying the oil rocks is 
exceptionally steep (circa 80°). At about 700 feet to the south- 
west of the oil-springs the north-eastern dip ceases and a steep 
south-western inclination of the beds takes its place. To the west, 
behind the limestone ridge where the valley of Chota Kutta becomes 
flatter, the Upper Nummulitic beds appear again as well as the Murree 
sandstones. Thus the first range of the hills forms a normal 
anticline, the core of which is the Nummulitic limestone ridge. 
The Upper Nummulitic beds, as well as the oil rocks, have been 
removed by erosion above the anticlinal axis, and are only pre- 
served on the steep flanks. 
Conglomeratic Calcareous | 
W. Sandstone -~A3iis.: 
Furple Clays. === 10 ft ca. 
Concentric Concretions SONOS 
Z (Oolites) ici 
Nummulitic 
Limestone 
F 1Q. 3 
Near the oil-spring Burra Kutta the first mountain range consists 
of two anticlines separated from one another by a shallow syncline 
(Section II, Fig. 10). The strata of the uppermost limestone beds 
from which the main oil-springs issue are nearly vertical or even 
overturned, dipping south-west. The overlying beds, however, 
are much less steep. Towards the hills the Nummulitic limestone 
beds form a well-curved arch. To the south-east, in the direction 
of the strike of the folds, the limestone dives below the Upper 
Nummulitic beds. This descending anticline is the direct continua- 
tion of the anticline A of the first section (Section I, Fig. 10). Both 
belong to the same fold, which may be recognized from the map 
(Fig. 9). But in Section II the crest of the anticlinal limestone core 
lies about 600 feet lower than in Section I—taking into aceount the 
masses removed by erosion. The axis of the anticline A 
(Sections I-III), therefore, dips at about 15° S.E. In Section II 
the main anticline is the anticline B. The axis of the anticline B 
