Dr. H. Preiswerk—Oil Region of the Northern Punjab. 125 
‘sulphur water, but in the boring at Chota Kutta the oil is free from 
water as far as I know. 
Near the oil-springs the beds have steep inclinations, especially 
at Burra Kutta. In order to find more favourable places for borings 
we have to discover localities where the roof of Nummulitic limestone 
lies under the ground and almost flat. My geological researches in 
this part of the Salt Range show that such places probably exist. 
_ First we may suppose that the oil-bearing beds take on in depth a 
flatter dip, as the overlying sandstone beds show a lower dip to the 
north-east only a short distance from the range. 
Of importance are also those places where the axis of an anticline 
pitches to such a degree that the core of the fold, which is formed by 
Nummulitic limestone, is covered by the Upper Nummulitic and the 
Murree beds. Such places are found south of Burra Kutta, where 
the anticline A dips below, and at the entrance of the ravine of the 
Majukh river, where the anticline B comes to an end on the 
surface. 
Extension of the Otl-bearing Beds in the Salt Range.—It is quite 
probable that the occurrence of oil is not limited to the immediate 
neighbourhood of the oil-springs, but has a larger extension to the 
north-west and south-east along the border of the range. The 
geological features of this border ought to be studied more completely. 
Several occurrences of tar south-east of Jaba are indications of the 
extension of the oil-bearing beds over a large part of the western 
Salt Range. 
At Kallar Kahar I have obtained a sample of tar which was brought 
by a native from the outcrop 2 miles north of Khabakki in the 
Shahpur District. According to A. B. Wynne’s excellent geological 
map, these outcrops are situated near the upper limit of the 
Nummulitic limestone, that is to say, on the oil-horizon. Accordingly 
thetaroccurrenceat Khabakki acquires some importance as an indica- 
tion of the extension of oil rocks in the western Salt Range. B.S. 
Lyman mentions in his report several tar-occurrences in this district : 
“The Chinnoor rock tar near Murdowal (Shahpur District), and 
83 miles south-west of Pindi; the Hungooch rock tar near Dhuddo 
and Murkoom (Shahpur District), and 81 miles south-west by south 
of Pindi; and the Doona rock tar near Kubbukkee (Shahpur District), 
and 77 miles south-west by south of Pindi.”’ There is no doubt 
that Lyman’s “ Kubbukkee” and the “Khabakki” of the 
topographical map (scale 1 inch = 1 mile) are the same. The names 
““ Murdowal’”’, “ Dhuddo’”’, and “‘ Murkoom” are probably to be 
identified with the names ‘“‘ Mardwal”’, ‘“‘ Dadhar”’, and “‘ Mukrumi”’ 
of the topographical map (No. 43 D 2). Mardwal is situated 5 miles, 
Dadhar and Mukrumi 3 miles west of Khabakki. These distances 
might be brought in accordance with those given by Lyman. 
Evidently we have to deal here with several tar outcrops, running 
with the strike of the strata for many miles, a fact which is worthy 
of consideration. 
