126 Dr. H. Preiswerk—Ouil Region of the Northern Punjab. 
In the eastern Salt Range, however, as before shown, we find 
quite another petrographic character of the Upper Nummulitic. 
Near Kallar Kahar the coarse oolites—the same as those that form 
the roof of the oil-beds in Jaba—are also developed, but they lhe 
directly on the massive Numimulitic limestone. The cellular lime- 
stones and the gypsum marls are missing. Farther east the Upper 
Nummiulitic, developed as yellow brittle marls and calcareous 
nummulitic beds, is only about a metre thick. There are no oil- 
traces to be found in the whole eastern Salt Range in this horizon. 
C. THE BURNING GASES OF JAWALAMUKHI, DISTRICT 
KANGRA. 
Jawalamukhi may be reached from the railway stations Hoshiarpur 
or Pathankot. A new and well-made road, suitable for tongas, 
leads from Pathankot to Kangra (53 miles). From Kangra another 
road leads to Jawalamukhi (23 miles); this can be used, however, 
by ekkas only. 
In the temple, which is often visited by Hindus, inflammable gases 
rise from the ground. In the chief room of the temple visitors are 
shown several feebly luminous, bluish flames bursting out of 
a hollow. In another part of the temple, lying a little higher, about 
10 metres distant from the former, the gas comes out of a water 
reservoir, and is brought to explosion from time to time. The colours 
of the flames lead one to think that the gases chiefly consist of 
methane. 
H. B. Medlicott (Mem. Geol. Surv. India, vol. ii, 1864, p. 146) 
mentions this occurrence in the following words: “ At the famous 
shrine of Jawalamukhi an inflammable gas perpetually issues from 
the rock (unless, indeed, it be cooked by the priests below ground)”. 
My examinations in the field, however, proved remarkable 
relations between the geological features on the one hand and the 
occurrence of the gases on the other, so that Medlicott’s suspicions 
may be without foundation. 
In the brook behind the fire-temple there is a bluish-gray sand- 
stone bed about 15 metres thick, covered by red marls dipping north- 
east at somewhat more than 40°. On the right side of the brook 
the red marls and the sandstone bed lie about 20 metres lower. 
They have sunk along a small transverse fault running north-east. 
Above the sandstone bed there follow with frequent alternations 
sandstones with fossil plants and red marls with calcareous con- 
cretions. Similar rocks form the whole steep slope (over 1,000 feet 
high) to the east of the village. The marly layers, however, decrease 
a little towards the top, sandstones predominating. 
Towards the top the dip of the beds decreases continually. On 
the crest of the mountain they dip only at 25° north-east and 
farther east 15° and less. 
According to Medlicott this series and all the other rocks of the 
environs of Jawalamukhi belong to the Siwalik formation. 
