, Tertiary Gravels in Aberdeenshire. PS: 
Sample No. Sample No. 
5728 5729 
Total solids . ! ; ; i 5,187 552 
Containing :— 
Chlorides (as Sodium Chloride). Z 1,587 174. 
Alkalinity (as Sodium Carbonate). 3,364 304 
Nitrates : : ; : : trace trace 
Nitrites P A : E : absent absent 
Calcium. : : : é : 4. 3 
Magnesium . : 4 : i 0-2 0:2 
Suspended matter: . ; : small amount nil 
A very small quantity of srulglariee was present in both samples. 
No examination was made for ammonia. 
(Signed) H. Martin, 
Acting Government Chenvist. 
WELLCOME RESEARCH LABORATORIES, 
GORDON MEMORIAL COLLEGE, 
KHARTOUM. 
July 11, 1920. 
Tertiary Gravels of the Buchan District of 
Aberdeenshire. 
By Jas sh LETt Heo, andi. dl EAD, ih; G:S) 
APPING many of the hill-tops of the Buchan district of Aberdeen- 
shire there are extensive spreads of gravel containing pebbles 
of white quartzite and of flint. Their north-western limit is on the 
Delgaty estate, near Turriff, where, at an elevation of 350-400 feet, 
there is a small patch of quartzite gravel a mile and a half to the 
north-east of the town. Nearly eight miles to the south, on Windy- 
hills, two miles north-east of Fyvie, a more extensive outlier occurs. 
These two patches are shown in Fig. 1. The Windyhills spread is 
nearly a square mile in area, and it occupies the summit of a low 
flat-topped ridge at an elevation of 370-400 feet. Like the Delgaty 
eravels, it is evidently the remains of a deposit formerly much more 
extensive and reduced greatly in area by denudation. It consists 
mainly of white quartzite pebbles, flint pebbles, and white clayey 
sand, and its resemblance to the Delgaty gravels is so close that 
no doubt has been entertained that they belong to the same period 
and formation. 
In Central Buchan, along the top of a low, flat-backed ridge, 
which may be called the Buchan Ridge, extending from a little 
north of Ellon to Buchan Ness, south of Peterhead (see Fig. 2), 
there are great stretches of gravel, consisting mainly of water-worn 
flints, with a smaller proportion of white quartzite and other pebbles. 
As a rule these pebble beds are confined to the hill-tops at elevations 
of 350 feet and over, though numerous scattered flints are found at 
lower levels. These gravels of the Buchan Ridge differ in several 
respects from the Delgaty and Windyhills gravels, but their similarity 
in essentials is so close that none of the previous observers has 
doubted that they belong to the same series of deposits. 
