374 J. S. Lee—An Outline of Chinese Geology. 
two series or two facies of deposits: ! the one is a semicrystalline, 
siliceous dolomite such as those exposed in the vicinity of Kiu- 
kiang (about long. 116° E., lat. 29° 45’ N.), in the Tung-ting-shan 
of the Tai-hu, southern Kiang-su, and in the hills between Nan-king 
and Chin-kiang. The other is a group of quartzitic sandstones 
and conglomerates such as those exposed in the Lu-shan, north- 
west of the Poyang-hu, Kiang-si; in the Hsiau-hau-shan, Tung- 
kwan-shan, and Tung-lu-hsien, southern An-hwei. ‘The relation 
between these two series or facies is altogether obscure at present. 
Richthofen’s report from the Hwa-shan, between Nan-king and 
Chin-kiang, and Kingsmill’s report from near the Tai-hu, however, 
seem to agree in showing that the dolomitic limestone overlies 
the sandstone group. On the other hand, in the Hsi-bsia-shan, 
east of Nan-king, the sandstone group is directly overlain by a 
marine formation of Lower Carboniferous age. The lack of direct 
paleontological evidence inevitably invites much doubt as to the 
true age of these rocks. 
In contrast to northern China, namely, the part north of the Tsing- 
ling Range, the Devonian formation is well developed in the south- 
western provinces, that is in Hun-nan, Kwang-si, Kwei-chou,* 
and Yun-nan. It generally consists of a highly fossiliferous marine 
limestone with or without the intercalation of shaly strata, and con- 
tains a fauna intimately related to the marine Devonian fauna of 
Europe. To demonstrate this close faunal affinity, nothing would 
be more emphatic than pointing out the occurrence in the Chinese 
Devonian of such familiar characteristic forms as Spirifer curvatus, 
S. vernewlh, S. undiferus, Atrypa reticularis, A. aspera, Rhyn- 
chonella (Pugnax) pugnus, Productella subaculeata, Uncites gryphus, 
Chonetes orientalis, Cyathophyllum cespitosum, C. roemert, Favosiies 
sphericus, Calceola sandalina, Alveolites, Aulopora, etc. 
Among the south-western provinces Devonian as well as Silurian 
is best known in Yun-nan. Loczy years ago observed in western 
Yun-nan a Silurian limestone containing characteristic large 
Cystidian plates.? Recently Dr. Deprat found in eastern Yun-naa, 
a series of argillaceous sandstones yielding Silurian fossils, and 
argillaceous limestones with abundant Devonian fossils. Though 
the Devonian formation is somewhat variable in its lithological 
1 China, vol. li, pp. 559, 562, 722, 730, 741. Kingsmill, “‘ Note on some 
outlying Coal-field, etc.’’: Brit. Roy. Asiat. Soc. N. China Br., ser. 11, No. 111, 
. 102-3. 
oe Frech, ‘“‘ Ein neues Vorkommen des Stringocephaln-Kalk in Hu-nan”’: 
Centralbl. f. M.G., N.C. 7, 1914. Davidson, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxii, 
1853, pp. 353-9. Leclére, op. cit., p. 26. Douville, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 
vol. cxxx, pp. 592-5; idem, vol. cxl, pp. 692-4. 
3 Loczy, op. cit., vol. i, p. 767; idem, vol. ii, p. 21. F. A. Bather discusses 
the structure of the Cystidea from Yun-nan in some details (Guou. Maa., 
Dec. VI, Vol. V, No. 11, 1918); F. R. Cowper Reed describes several species of 
Cystidea in the Ordovician and Silurian faunas from western Yun-nan, which 
include, according to Miss Elles, a number of species of Llandovery 
Graptolites (Palaeont. Indica, N.S., vol. vi, No. 3, 1917). 
