386 Dr. C. Davison—Founders of Seismology— 
unfertunately marked by the burning of his library and seismological 
observatory. He reached England in July, and, with his Japanese 
wife, made his home at Shide Hill House, near Newport, in the Isle 
of Wight. 
From 1880 onwards Milne’s work was aided by grants from the 
British Association. The reports which he wrote as secretary of the 
Committee on the Earthquake Phenomena of Japan contain useful 
summaries of the work which he carried out in that country. At 
the first neeting of the Association (1895) after his arrival in England 
this committee and the Earth Tremors Committee were merged into 
the Seismological Committee, Milne continuing to act as secretary 
until his death, after a short illness, on 31st July, 1913. 
Though Milne contributed most of his work to scientific journals, 
he wrote two well-known volumes on Larthquakes (1886) and 
Seismology (1898) for the “ International Scientific Series’. Of the 
twenty volumes of Transaciions and Journal published in Japan, he 
was the author of not less than two-thirds. He wrote fifteen reports 
of the Committee on the Earthquake Phenomena of Japan, and the 
greater part of eighteen reports of the Seismological Committee? 
in addition to many other papers in various journals. 
Milne differed from Michell and Mallet in his preference for 
co-operating with others. He was nota solitary student. Retaining 
to the last the cheerfulness of youth, gifted with an abiding sense 
of humour, kindly and hospitable, possessing not only enthusiasm 
but also the power of kindling in others the same eagerness, 
abounding in energy and loving hard work, Milne was admirably 
adapted—no man better—to act as a founder of the now widening 
science of seismology.” 
The chief difficulty in summarizing Milne’s work ts its wide extent 
and range. Michell wrote but one memoir. Mallet’s work, though it 
covered about sixteen years of an active life, was described in less 
than twenty papers and one book. Milne penetrated into nearly every 
corner of seismology, and his papers, if ccllected, would fill many 
volumes. I will endeavour to group his work under various headings, 
but to do this within a limited space minor details must be omitted, 
and a strictly chronological order to some extent abandoned. 
Investigation of Earthquakes —Milne was a student of earthquake 
phenomena rather than of earthquakes, and the strong shock of 1880 
is the only one that he can be said to have investigated. At this 
early date the disadvantages under which he worked were great. 
The Japanese public were not then educated in the observation of 
earthquakes. De Rossi’s first scale of seismic intensity was devised 
in 1874, but it was probably unknown outside Italy. Milne had 
therefore to depend on observations of the time and direction of the 
1 In the following pages these will be referred to as Trans., Journ., and Rep., 
respectively. 
2 For the above biographical details I am indebted chiefly to articles in the 
Gerot. Mac., 1912, pp. 337-46 (with portraits), Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 89, 1914, 
pp. xxii-xxv; Bull. Seis. Soc. America, vol. 2, 1912, pp. 2-7. 
