410 J. S. Lee—An Outline of Chinese Geology. 
c. Upper or Volcanic Series. Bedded andesite, basaltic lava, tuff, and 
other voleanic rocks followed downwards by a massive con- 
glomerate and sandstone aggregating to a thickness of more than 
1,800 feet ; unconformably overlain by the Trias. 
Unconformity 
b. Middle or Fusulinidea Limestone Series. Light- and dark-grey lime- 
stones, locally sandy ; total thickness about 3,800 feet ; crowded 
with Fusulinidea. Faunistically this series can be subdivided 
into three parts: in the upper part the species Doliolina lepida 
abounds, Neoschwagerina multiseptata, N. (Sumatrina) anne, 
Fusulina exilis, Schwagerina verbeeki are also of frequent 
occurrence; in the middle part a Lower Permian fauna of 
Brachiopods predominates over the Fusulinidea, Spirifer blassi, 
Spirigerella grandis, Camarophoria globulina, Hemiptychinax sparst- 
plicata, Martiniopsis inflata, Productus gratiosus being the more 
characteristic species; in the lower part Neoschwagerina 
craticulifera, Schwagerina princeps, Fusulina multisepta, I. 
brevicula, F’. regularis, etc., occur in association with a number of 
species of Brachipoods belonging to the Upper Carboniferous, 
e.g. Productus ef. subcostatus, P. cf. compressus, Reticularia lineata. 
Unconformity 
a. Lower Series. Limestones followed downwards by coal-bearing 
sandstones, again limestone and then shales and sandstones: 
yielding Spirifer mosquensis, Spiriferina cristata, Athyris cf. 
subtilita, Productus glabra, P. cora, P. striata, P. undatus, Pro- 
ductella spinulosa, Chonetes papilionacea, Orthothetes crenistria, and 
many species of Gastropods and Lamellibranchs indicative of 
Muscovian and Dinantian or Middle and Lower Carboniferous age. 
These series are traceable to a large extent outside the area of 
eastern Yun-nan. The Lower Series, with a fauna of Brachiopods, 
Lamellibranchs, and Gastropods, extends northward along the 
south-eastern border of the Great Red Basin of Su-chuan, passing 
the districts of Lan-mou-tchang, Wei-ning, in the province of 
Kwei-chou ; the coal-fields of Nan-chuan, south-eastern Su-chuan ! ; 
and reaching the Shao-yang district 2 in central Hu-nan. Orthothetes 
crenistria appears to be one of the widely distributed species in the 
Lower Series. It is a remarkable fact that even in the limestones 
of this series none cf the Fusulinidea which are so abundant in the 
Middle Series has yet been found. 
The Middle Series, with its characteristic faunas of Fusulinidea 
and Brachiopods closely related to the fauna of the Middle Productus 
Limestone of the Salt Range, has been observed in the neighbourhood 
of Ta-li, Yung-tshang, Tze-de, Ngan-tshang-po, western Yun-nan ; 
Ho-chang, Tung-tze, Sung-kan, north-western Kwei-chou; the 
Yakarlo district on the Tibetan border.2 The limestone that ferms 
a long range running from the north of Ta-li to the west of Ta-tsien-lu 
as observed by Loczy ; the ‘“‘ Doliolina Formation”’ 4 that occurs in 
western Kan-su and the Semenow Mountain, south of the Kuku-nor ; 
China, vol. v, pp. 77, 81-6. 
Journ. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, No. 263, p. 84, 1915; idem, No. 265, p. 139. 
Leclére, op. cit., pp. 30-1; Loczy, op. cit., pp. 188, 202; China, vol. vy, 
pp. 167-75. 
* Durch Asien, vol. ii, pt. ii, pp. 38, 116, 204-5. 
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