F. Raw—A Mammoth Molar from North Woodchester. 503 
and teeth of the woolly rhinoceros and reindeer”. He states that 
“ there is an absence of marine or estuarine shells in these gravels ”, 
and that “it is therefore probable that the whole of these gravels 
are of fresh-water origin, and were the drifts and breakers of a lake 
which once occupied the valley.of the Severn’. The writer knows 
of no facts militating against this conclusion. Mr. L. Richardson,+ 
in a report of a visit of the Cotteswold Club to the Gannicox and 
Cainscross gravel pits near Stroud, in the course of a useful summary 
of what was known of the fossil contents of the gravels, gives a list of 
thirteen species of land and freshwater shells obtained by Witcheil 
from clayey seams in the gravels, not one of which isa marine species. 
The assemblage of mammalia is of glacial character and points 
to a time near that of the “ Wiirm ” glaciation, the last of the major 
glaciations established by Penck and Brickner in the Alps, and 
coinciding with the formation of the ““ Newer Drift” of the North 
European plain. It was there that the mammoth was most numerous, 
though its remains are fairly common in deposits of the earlier “ Riss” 
glaciation. Mammoth remains are also recorded from a considerable 
number of places in and around the Cotteswolds. It is generally 
agreed that there was no glaciation of the Cotteswolds, which were 
too high to be overflowed, but not high enough to nourish glaciers 
of their own, and the writer. imagines that herds of mammoths 
roamed over the area, while the Welsh mountains, perhaps at that 
time higher relatively than now, owing to an uptilt of the country 
to the west, shed extensive glaciers across the estuary of the Severn, 
and by damming back the waters formed a lake; to the fluctuating 
levels of which the Cotteswold streams built deltas, but to quote 
Mr, Richardson,? “more work is necessary ” (and the writer has 
done none) “ before any suggestion of value can be made.” 
DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOTH. 
The tooth measures 8 inches in length, by 44 inches deep, by 
23 inches wide, the photograph being half natural size. In shape it 
closely resembles a yacht, the worn surface of the tooth corresponding 
to the deck of the ship; but the front of the yacht is seen in the 
posterior end of the tooth and vice versa. 
The lateral aspect is about equally divided between the complexly 
folded broad crown and the narrower “ keel’, the depth of crown 
and keel being about equal to one another in the different parts of 
the length. The worn surface being oblique, one lateral aspect 
(the outer) has less crown than the other. 
The superior aspect is entirely occupied with the grinding surface, 
which, though nearly flat, is obliquely concave. This measures 
7i by 23 inches. All the tooth folds oy “ plates”? that remain 
are worn, the keel being only 1 inch below the posterior border, 
1 L. Richardson, Proc. Cottes. Nat. F.C., vol. xviii, 1914, pt. iii, p. 205. 
2 TL. Richardson, “ Mscursion to Stroud”: Proc. Cottes. Nat. F.C., 1914, 
p- 205. 
