542 C.T. Trechmann—Brachiopods from Durham. 
Permian Brachiopoda (p. 269), and expresses the opinion that all 
the known British Permian Strophalosias are referable to two species. 
He is, however, uncertain whether one is quite justified in placing 
King’s S. Morrisiana among the synonyms of S. lamellosa. Geinitz 
(p. 98) is emphatic that S. lamellosa is a distinct species and I think 
most paleontologists nowadays would agree that this is so. 
The second block of limestone! is illustrated nearly natural 
size by a photograph (Pl. XII). The most conspicuous fossil on it is 
Productus horridus, of which there are three examples, the largest, 
a ventral valve, measuring about 3 inches across, with spines nearly 
or quite 3 inches long. Another smaller specimen, of which the 
apical region of both valves is exposed, shows the long curved spines 
springing from the hinge line and surface of the dorsal or concave 
valve as well as from the hinge line of the ventral valve. Among 
the other fossils are some exceptionally large specimens of 
Streptorhynchus pelargonatus, Schloth. Near the top corner of the 
slab (B), the crushed specimens of two ventral valves of this 
brachiopod are seen together with the interior aspect of a dorsal 
valve. The sharp radial ribs are noticeable. They agree in size 
and all other respects with specimens I have from zone 3 of the 
Lower Zechstein of Roschitz, Répsen, near Gera, and are very much 
larger than the dwarfed specimens that commonly occur in the 
lower parts of the Shell Limestone reef in Durham. A ventral 
valve of Spirifer alata Schloth. (c) is also visible. 
Several Strophalosias occur on the slab, the most remarkable of 
which is that at(A). It is attached to the end of the long spines of 
two different Producti, the shell of one of which is broken away from 
the slab. The spines of its ventral valve are very numerous, massed 
together, directed backwards and twined round and about the 
Productus spines. The areas of both valves are visible; that of the 
ventral is rather high and concave. The dorsal valve is deeply 
concave and covered with massed spines much shorter than those of 
the ventral valve, and mostly directed inwards to the centre without, 
of course, being attached to anything. This specimen again resembles 
very closely indeed sorne examples of Stro; vhalosia goldfusst Miinster 
I have from Trebnitz, near Gera, belonging to zone 4 of the Lower 
Zechstein. I obtained these specimens also from Robert Eisel. 
Similar, but rather less well preserved, examples are illustrated by 
Geinitz in his Dyas, pl. xvii, fig. 21-24. 
(zeinitz remarks that this species as it appears in Germany does not 
seem to have been found in England, and he refers all the specimens 
hitherto described as S. goldfusst by English authors to S. excavata 
Gein. Another Strophalosia appears on the slab with its ventral 
apex apparently attached to the left ear of the large Productus, 
and shows only a poorly preserved concave dorsal valve which seems 
1 This specimen was found by Dr. Stanley Smith, F.G.S., during a recent 
visit by him and myself to Thickley, and he kindly placed it at my disposal. 
